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The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland
Heptacodium miconioides is an increasingly popular ornamental plant, originally being endemic to China. The late and long flowering determines its ecological and ornamental value in cultivation. The aims of this research were to define and distinguish phenological phases of the development of Heptac...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077705/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37024801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04205-y |
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author | Monder, Marta Joanna Bąbelewski, Przemysław Szperlik, Jakub Kościelak, Agnieszka |
author_facet | Monder, Marta Joanna Bąbelewski, Przemysław Szperlik, Jakub Kościelak, Agnieszka |
author_sort | Monder, Marta Joanna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Heptacodium miconioides is an increasingly popular ornamental plant, originally being endemic to China. The late and long flowering determines its ecological and ornamental value in cultivation. The aims of this research were to define and distinguish phenological phases of the development of Heptacodium miconioides in the temperate zone region and identification of anatomical changes within the stem during autumn in relation to phenological phases and climatic conditions. Phenological observations were carried out in Wrocław during 2012–2013, as well as in Warsaw (Poland, 52.6°N, 20.5°E) during 2018–2021. During the last year of research an analysis of the anatomical structure was carried out for young stems that bore flowers that year, as well as older, 2- to 6-year-old ones. The material was collected H1 – 10.09., H2 – 28.09., H3 – 16.10., H4 – 3.11., H5 – 21.11. The width of annual increments in subsequent years was determined; length, width and vessel density in early and latewood for subsequent rings of annual growth was measured, as well as the width of the phloem in 1–6-year-old stems (2016–2021). In the vegetative stage three main stages of development were distinguished (leaf buds have the green tips; full autumn discoloration of leaves; leaves falling). In the generative phase, which lasted on average from August 22(nd) to January the 7(th) five main phases of development were distinguished (flowering, unripe fruits, ripe fruits, spreading of seeds). Increased average temperature during winter and spring had an effect on the growth pattern: early phenological stages occurred sooner and foliage development lasted 44 days longer. Flowering occurred at a similar date at both observed locations and climatic conditions. This year’s shoots flowering on a radial section with axial symmetry, were slightly flattened and in clusters arranged regularly to match the shape. Heptacodium develops 2–6 years old shoots with radial symmetry. The growth ring boundaries are distinct, the wood semi-rings porous, with marked differences in the structure of the primary and secondary shoot. Lignification of tissues before winter ends during late leaf-fall phase. The research indicated the adaptive potential of Heptacodium in response to climatic conditions of temperate zone. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10077705 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100777052023-04-07 The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland Monder, Marta Joanna Bąbelewski, Przemysław Szperlik, Jakub Kościelak, Agnieszka BMC Plant Biol Research Heptacodium miconioides is an increasingly popular ornamental plant, originally being endemic to China. The late and long flowering determines its ecological and ornamental value in cultivation. The aims of this research were to define and distinguish phenological phases of the development of Heptacodium miconioides in the temperate zone region and identification of anatomical changes within the stem during autumn in relation to phenological phases and climatic conditions. Phenological observations were carried out in Wrocław during 2012–2013, as well as in Warsaw (Poland, 52.6°N, 20.5°E) during 2018–2021. During the last year of research an analysis of the anatomical structure was carried out for young stems that bore flowers that year, as well as older, 2- to 6-year-old ones. The material was collected H1 – 10.09., H2 – 28.09., H3 – 16.10., H4 – 3.11., H5 – 21.11. The width of annual increments in subsequent years was determined; length, width and vessel density in early and latewood for subsequent rings of annual growth was measured, as well as the width of the phloem in 1–6-year-old stems (2016–2021). In the vegetative stage three main stages of development were distinguished (leaf buds have the green tips; full autumn discoloration of leaves; leaves falling). In the generative phase, which lasted on average from August 22(nd) to January the 7(th) five main phases of development were distinguished (flowering, unripe fruits, ripe fruits, spreading of seeds). Increased average temperature during winter and spring had an effect on the growth pattern: early phenological stages occurred sooner and foliage development lasted 44 days longer. Flowering occurred at a similar date at both observed locations and climatic conditions. This year’s shoots flowering on a radial section with axial symmetry, were slightly flattened and in clusters arranged regularly to match the shape. Heptacodium develops 2–6 years old shoots with radial symmetry. The growth ring boundaries are distinct, the wood semi-rings porous, with marked differences in the structure of the primary and secondary shoot. Lignification of tissues before winter ends during late leaf-fall phase. The research indicated the adaptive potential of Heptacodium in response to climatic conditions of temperate zone. BioMed Central 2023-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10077705/ /pubmed/37024801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04205-y Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Monder, Marta Joanna Bąbelewski, Przemysław Szperlik, Jakub Kościelak, Agnieszka The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland |
title | The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland |
title_full | The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland |
title_fullStr | The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland |
title_full_unstemmed | The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland |
title_short | The adjustment of China endemic Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. to temperate zone of Poland |
title_sort | adjustment of china endemic heptacodium miconioides rehd. to temperate zone of poland |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077705/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37024801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04205-y |
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