Predictive Factors for the Necessity of Hospitalization of Patients With Acute Alcohol Intoxication

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to identify factors related to the need for hospitalization due to acute alcohol intoxication. METHODS: The data of 42 patients with acute alcohol intoxication who visited our hospital from April 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015 were available for analysis. Factors related to outcome included hospitalization or release to home, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the peripheral artery (SpO(2)), and respiratory rate. A retrospective survey was done that included estimated blood alcohol concentration, osmotic pressure, and serum lactate level. The following formula was used to estimate blood alcohol concentration: (measured osmotic pressure - estimated osmotic pressure × 4.6 mg/dL). Univariate analysis of each variable was done for the two outcome groups, hospital admission or release to home, then statistically significant items were subjected to multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients (average age 22.8 ± 8.6 years, 33 men, six women), 29 were admitted and 13 were released to home. There was a weak correlation between estimated blood alcohol concentration and GCS. There was no significant difference in alcohol concentration or GCS between the hospitalized and released to home groups. In multivariate analysis using the outcome as the objective variable, a serum lactate level of 26 mg/dL or higher was associated with the need for hospitalization (odds ratio: 6.7). CONCLUSION: A serum lactate level of 26 mg/dL would be useful for deciding if hospitalization is necessary for patients with acute alcohol intoxication.