Profil épidémiologique, clinique et thérapeutique des atrésies de l’œsophage au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant Fondation Jeanne Ebori de Libreville de 2019 à 2020

Esophageal atresia is a congenital malformation incompatible with life. Its management in our context is difficult. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical, therapeutic and epidemiological profile of esophageal atresia at the Mother and Child University Hospital of the Jeanne Ebori Foundation from 2019 to 2020. We conducted a retrospective study in the Neonatal Medicine and Pediatric Surgery Department of Mother and Child University Hospital of the Jeanne Ebori Foundation over a 2-year period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. We collected data from the medical records of 10 newborns diagnosed with esophageal atresia. The prevalence of neonatal surgical emergencies was 11% (n=10/89). Mean gestational age of patients was 37 WA+2, ranging from 34WA+2 days to 40WA+2 days; mean life span was 3.7 days with extremes of D0 and D7. Sex ratio was 1. The average birth weight was 2636 grams, ranging from 1460 g to 3425g; mean time between symptom onset and diagnosis was 4 days. Type III accounted for 70% of anatomical shapes. Mean waiting time for surgery was 0.8 days, ranging from D0 to D3. The average length of stay in hospital was 9.3 days, ranging from 1 to 38 days. Nine out of 10 patients underwent surgery. Only 2 patients survived, with a follow-up period of at least one year without sequelae. The management of esophageal atresia is still precarious in our context. Diagnostic delay is the main challenge. Improvement in prognosis involves improvement in anesthetic, surgical and neonatal technical equipment.