The Attributable Factors That Increase the Likelihood of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection Related In-Hospital 30-Day Mortality

Objective: The objective is to investigate the attributable factors associated with an increase in hospital 30-day mortality of central line bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC). The sample included adult patients who developed CLABSI between March 2016 and February 2018 after having a central line inserted at KSUMC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 283 patients were involved in the study. The 30-day mortality rate was 18.8%. Patients were more likely to die if they were in the intensive care unit (ICU) or required ICU admission after infection (p<0.001). This was also observed in patients who required inotropes or intubation before or after culture (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference of 6.60±5.62 in the mean score on the Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II between before and after culture (p<0.001). The likelihood of death was significantly higher among patients with higher APACHE II scores before and after culture (p<0.001). The presence of CLABSI-related sequelae was not associated with increased mortality (p<0.595). Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of CLABSI patients are variable and can increase the risk of mortality or complicate the treatment course. Physicians should be aware of the significance of these factors as potential causes of increased mortality.