Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Functional Network Connectivity in Neurologically Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Resting‐State Functional MRI Study

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of static functional network connectivity (sFNC) and dynamic FNC (dFNC) in neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are unknown. Elucidating these characteristics may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of neuropathological damage in these patients. PURPOSE: To explore the static and dynamic characteristics of FNC in neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and the relationship between FNC‐related parameters with the neuropsychological scores and blood biomarkers. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. POPULATION: A total of 23 neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and 25 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and years of education. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: A 3.0 T MRI/functional MRI and three‐dimensional‐T1 structural imaging ASSESSMENT: Independent components; spatial map intensity; sFNC and dFNC strengths; and time attribute parameters (mean dwell time, fractional window, and number of transitions) were determined. Neuropsychological tests were performed. Blood biochemical tests were performed for the patients but not healthy controls. STATISTICAL TESTS: Chi‐squared test, one‐sample t‐test, two‐sample t‐test, partial correlation analysis, and family‐wise error and false discovery rate correction. P < 0.05 denoted statistical significance. RESULTS: Significant group differences in the strengths of sFNC and dFNC between networks were found. The sFNC strength between the visual and sensorimotor networks was significantly associated with the global cognitive function score (i.e. the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) (r = 0.606). The sFNC strength between the salience and default mode networks was significantly associated with anxiety scores (r = 0.458). In state 1, positive correlations were found between the mean dwell time and backward digital span task score (r = 0.562), fractional window and MoCA score (r = 0.576), and fractional window and backward digital span task score (r = 0.592). DATA CONCLUSION: Neurologically asymptomatic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis had defective sFNC and dFNC. Our results provide a new perspective on the mechanism of neuropathological damage in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1