Autologous myocutaneous flap implantation for chronic refractory chest wall sinus with infection: a case report

BACKGROUND: Chest wall sinus with infection is a refractory disease caused by a variety of susceptible factors, and the treatment is still challenging. For clinically complex cases, although there are various surgical methods to choose from, it is still very difficult to achieve clinical cure, especially for patients with older age and many underlying diseases. Complete resection of chest wall sinus and application of repair and reconstruction technology may bring hope to refractory cases. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we report a case of a 67 year-old woman who had undergone breast cancer surgery and a history of multiple cycles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One year ago, she had a fistula in the left chest wall with yellow purulent fluid. After admission to our hospital, chest computed tomography (CT) showed the formation of the left chest wall sinus, accompanied by high-density images of the left clavicle, part of the ribs and part of the sternu. According to the patient's symptoms, signs and imaging examination, we preliminarily diagnosed the patient as chest wall sinus with infection and chronic osteomyelitis. Therefore, in the first-stage operation, the patient underwent left chest wall sinus resection, left partial rib resection, left partial clavicular resection and left partial sternal resection, After surgery, the wound surface was changed with gauze dressing with sensitive antibiotic solution every day until the wound surface was clean and new granulation was formed. In the second-stage operation, the wound surface was appropriately expanded, and the pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was transferred to the chest wall defect. Finally, the skin paddle was sutured without tension to the normal skin around the chest, and two drainage tubes were placed. Anti-infection, anti-spasm, anti-coagulation and other treatments were given after operation, and the survival of myocutaneous flap, wound healing and sinus disappearance were observed. CONCLUSION: The application of pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in the treatment of intractable chronic chest wall sinus is an effective method. It does not change the shape of the thorax. The clinical effect is satisfactory in the near and medium term, which is worthy of clinical promotion.