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Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders
Functional gastrointestinal disorders—recently renamed into disorders of gut–brain interaction—such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence of structural abnormalities. While traditionally considered as mo...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10086308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36657961 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320633 |
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author | Vanuytsel, Tim Bercik, Premysl Boeckxstaens, Guy |
author_facet | Vanuytsel, Tim Bercik, Premysl Boeckxstaens, Guy |
author_sort | Vanuytsel, Tim |
collection | PubMed |
description | Functional gastrointestinal disorders—recently renamed into disorders of gut–brain interaction—such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence of structural abnormalities. While traditionally considered as motility disorders or even psychosomatic conditions, our understanding of the pathophysiology has evolved significantly over the last two decades. Initial observations of subtle mucosal infiltration with immune cells, especially mast cells and eosinophils, are since recently being backed up by mechanistic evidence demonstrating increased release of nociceptive mediators by immune cells and the intestinal epithelium. These mediators can activate sensitised neurons leading to visceral hypersensitivity with bothersome symptoms. The interaction between immune activation and an impaired barrier function of the gut is most likely a bidirectional one with alterations in the microbiota, psychological stress and food components as upstream players in the pathophysiology. Only few immune-targeting treatments are currently available, but an improved understanding through a multidisciplinary scientific approach will hopefully identify novel, more precise treatment targets with ultimately better outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10086308 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100863082023-04-12 Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders Vanuytsel, Tim Bercik, Premysl Boeckxstaens, Guy Gut Recent Advances in Clinical Practice Functional gastrointestinal disorders—recently renamed into disorders of gut–brain interaction—such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are highly prevalent conditions with bothersome abdominal symptoms in the absence of structural abnormalities. While traditionally considered as motility disorders or even psychosomatic conditions, our understanding of the pathophysiology has evolved significantly over the last two decades. Initial observations of subtle mucosal infiltration with immune cells, especially mast cells and eosinophils, are since recently being backed up by mechanistic evidence demonstrating increased release of nociceptive mediators by immune cells and the intestinal epithelium. These mediators can activate sensitised neurons leading to visceral hypersensitivity with bothersome symptoms. The interaction between immune activation and an impaired barrier function of the gut is most likely a bidirectional one with alterations in the microbiota, psychological stress and food components as upstream players in the pathophysiology. Only few immune-targeting treatments are currently available, but an improved understanding through a multidisciplinary scientific approach will hopefully identify novel, more precise treatment targets with ultimately better outcomes. BMJ Publishing Group 2023-04 2023-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10086308/ /pubmed/36657961 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320633 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Recent Advances in Clinical Practice Vanuytsel, Tim Bercik, Premysl Boeckxstaens, Guy Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders |
title | Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders |
title_full | Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders |
title_fullStr | Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders |
title_short | Understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders |
title_sort | understanding neuroimmune interactions in disorders of gut–brain interaction: from functional to immune-mediated disorders |
topic | Recent Advances in Clinical Practice |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10086308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36657961 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320633 |
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