Allometric scaling of interspecific RNA transcript abundance to extend the use of metatranscriptomics in characterizing complex communities

Metatranscriptomics allows profiling of community mRNA and rRNA transcript abundance under certain environmental conditions. However, variations in the proportion of RNA transcripts across different community size structures remain less explained, thus limiting the possible applications of metatranscriptomics in community studies. Here, we extended the assumptions of the growth‐rate hypothesis (GRH) and the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) to validate the allometric scaling of interspecific RNA transcript (mRNA and rRNA) abundance through metatranscriptomic analysis of mock communities consisting of model organisms. The results suggest that body size imposes significant constraints on RNA transcript abundance. Interestingly, the relationship between the total mitochondrial transcript abundance (mRNA and rRNA slopes were −0.30 and −0.28, respectively) and body size aligned with the MTE assumptions with slopes close to −¼, while the nuclear transcripts displayed much steeper slopes (mRNA and rRNA slopes were −0.33 and −0.40, respectively). The assumed temperature dependence was not observed in this study. At the gene level, the allometric slopes range from 0 to −1. Overall, the above results showed that larger individuals have lesser RNA transcript abundance per tissue mass than smaller ones regardless of temperature. Analyses of field‐collected microcrustacean zooplankton samples demonstrated that the correction of size effect, using the allometric exponents derived from the model organism mock community, explains better the patterns of interspecific RNA transcripts abundance within the metatranscriptome. Integrating allometry with metatranscriptomics can extend the use of RNA transcript reads in estimating ecological processes within complex communities.