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Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment

BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata, known as a rootless, leafless, achlorophyllous and fully mycoheterotrophic orchid, needs to establish symbionts with particular Armillaria species to acquire nutrition and energy. Previous research findings had approved that ethylene (ET) played an important role in plan...

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Autores principales: Yang, Haiying, He, Kaixiang, Cao, Yapu, Li, Zhihao, Ji, Qiaolin, Sun, Jingxian, Li, Ganpeng, Chen, Xin, Mo, Haiying, Du, Gang, Li, Qingqing
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10088873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37056223
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14714
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author Yang, Haiying
He, Kaixiang
Cao, Yapu
Li, Zhihao
Ji, Qiaolin
Sun, Jingxian
Li, Ganpeng
Chen, Xin
Mo, Haiying
Du, Gang
Li, Qingqing
author_facet Yang, Haiying
He, Kaixiang
Cao, Yapu
Li, Zhihao
Ji, Qiaolin
Sun, Jingxian
Li, Ganpeng
Chen, Xin
Mo, Haiying
Du, Gang
Li, Qingqing
author_sort Yang, Haiying
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata, known as a rootless, leafless, achlorophyllous and fully mycoheterotrophic orchid, needs to establish symbionts with particular Armillaria species to acquire nutrition and energy. Previous research findings had approved that ethylene (ET) played an important role in plant-fungi interaction and some receptors of ET had been discovered in microorganisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ET in the interaction between G. elata and Armillaria species remain unknown. METHODS: Exiguous ethephon (ETH) was added to agar and liquid media to observe the morphological features of mycelium and count the biomass respectively. Mycelium cultured in liquid media with exiguous ETH (0.1 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 5.0 ppm) were chosen to perform whole-transcriptome profiling through the RNA-seq technology (Illumina NGS sequencing). The DEGs of growth-related genes and candidate ET receptor domains were predicted on SMART. RESULTS: ETH-0.1 ppm and ETH-2 ppm could significantly improve the mycelium growth of A. gallica 012m, while ETH-5 ppm inhibited the mycelium growth in both solid and liquid media. The number of up-regulated or down-regulated genes increased along with the concentrations of ETH. The growth of mycelia might benefit from the up-regulated expression of Pyr_redox (Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase), GAL4 (C6 zinc finger) and HMG (High Mobility Group) genes in the ETH-0.1 ppm and ETH-2 ppm. Therefore, the growth of mycelia might be impaired by the down-regulated expression of ZnF_C2H2 and ribosomal protein S4 proteins in the ETH-5 ppm. Seven ET receptor domains were predicted in A. gallica 012m. Based on cluster analysis and comparative studies of proteins, the putative ETH receptor domains of A. gallica 012m have a higher homologous correlation with fungi. CONCLUSIONS: The responses of A. gallica 012m to ETH had a concentration effect similar to the plants’ responses to ET. Therefore, the number of up-regulated or down-regulated genes are increased along with the concentrations of ETH. Seven ET receptor protein domains were predicted in the genome and transcriptome of A. gallica 012m. We speculate that ETH receptors exist in A. gallica 012m and ethylene might play an important role in the plant-fungi interaction.
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spelling pubmed-100888732023-04-12 Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment Yang, Haiying He, Kaixiang Cao, Yapu Li, Zhihao Ji, Qiaolin Sun, Jingxian Li, Ganpeng Chen, Xin Mo, Haiying Du, Gang Li, Qingqing PeerJ Bioinformatics BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata, known as a rootless, leafless, achlorophyllous and fully mycoheterotrophic orchid, needs to establish symbionts with particular Armillaria species to acquire nutrition and energy. Previous research findings had approved that ethylene (ET) played an important role in plant-fungi interaction and some receptors of ET had been discovered in microorganisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of ET in the interaction between G. elata and Armillaria species remain unknown. METHODS: Exiguous ethephon (ETH) was added to agar and liquid media to observe the morphological features of mycelium and count the biomass respectively. Mycelium cultured in liquid media with exiguous ETH (0.1 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 5.0 ppm) were chosen to perform whole-transcriptome profiling through the RNA-seq technology (Illumina NGS sequencing). The DEGs of growth-related genes and candidate ET receptor domains were predicted on SMART. RESULTS: ETH-0.1 ppm and ETH-2 ppm could significantly improve the mycelium growth of A. gallica 012m, while ETH-5 ppm inhibited the mycelium growth in both solid and liquid media. The number of up-regulated or down-regulated genes increased along with the concentrations of ETH. The growth of mycelia might benefit from the up-regulated expression of Pyr_redox (Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase), GAL4 (C6 zinc finger) and HMG (High Mobility Group) genes in the ETH-0.1 ppm and ETH-2 ppm. Therefore, the growth of mycelia might be impaired by the down-regulated expression of ZnF_C2H2 and ribosomal protein S4 proteins in the ETH-5 ppm. Seven ET receptor domains were predicted in A. gallica 012m. Based on cluster analysis and comparative studies of proteins, the putative ETH receptor domains of A. gallica 012m have a higher homologous correlation with fungi. CONCLUSIONS: The responses of A. gallica 012m to ETH had a concentration effect similar to the plants’ responses to ET. Therefore, the number of up-regulated or down-regulated genes are increased along with the concentrations of ETH. Seven ET receptor protein domains were predicted in the genome and transcriptome of A. gallica 012m. We speculate that ETH receptors exist in A. gallica 012m and ethylene might play an important role in the plant-fungi interaction. PeerJ Inc. 2023-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10088873/ /pubmed/37056223 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14714 Text en ©2023 Yang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Bioinformatics
Yang, Haiying
He, Kaixiang
Cao, Yapu
Li, Zhihao
Ji, Qiaolin
Sun, Jingxian
Li, Ganpeng
Chen, Xin
Mo, Haiying
Du, Gang
Li, Qingqing
Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment
title Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment
title_full Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment
title_fullStr Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment
title_full_unstemmed Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment
title_short Comparative transcriptome analysis of Armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment
title_sort comparative transcriptome analysis of armillaria gallica 012m in response to ethephon treatment
topic Bioinformatics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10088873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37056223
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14714
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