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Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study

Snakebite is a public health problem in many countries, with India having the highest number of deaths. Not much is known about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on snakebite care. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with those bitten by venomous snakes through the two waves of COVID-19 (March–May...

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Autores principales: Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Beri, Deepti, Zwi, Anthony B., Jagnoor, Jagnoor
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37089517
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100157
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author Bhaumik, Soumyadeep
Beri, Deepti
Zwi, Anthony B.
Jagnoor, Jagnoor
author_facet Bhaumik, Soumyadeep
Beri, Deepti
Zwi, Anthony B.
Jagnoor, Jagnoor
author_sort Bhaumik, Soumyadeep
collection PubMed
description Snakebite is a public health problem in many countries, with India having the highest number of deaths. Not much is known about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on snakebite care. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with those bitten by venomous snakes through the two waves of COVID-19 (March–May 2020; May–November 2021), their caregivers, health care workers and social workers in two areas (Sundarbans and Hooghly) of West Bengal, India. We used a constructivist approach and conducted a thematic analysis. We identified the following themes: 1. Snakebite continued to be recognised as an acute emergency during successive waves of COVID-19; 2. COVID-19 magnified the financial woes of communities with high snakebite burden; 3. The choice of health care provider was driven by multiple factors and consideration of trade-offs, many of which leaned toward use of traditional providers during COVID-19; 4. Rurality, financial and social disadvantage and cultural safety, in and beyond the health system, affected snakebite care; 5. There is strong and shared felt need for multi-faceted community programs on snakebite. We mapped factors affecting snakebite care in the three-delay model (decision to seek care, reaching appropriate health facility, receiving appropriate care), originally developed for maternal mortality. The result of our study contextualises and brings forth evidence on impact of COVID-19 on snakebite care in West Bengal, India. Multi-faceted community programs, are needed for addressing factors affecting snakebite care, including during disease outbreaks - thus improving health systems resilience. Community programs for increasing formal health service usage, should be accompanied by health systems strengthening, instead of an exclusive focus on awareness against traditional providers.
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spelling pubmed-100917242023-04-13 Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study Bhaumik, Soumyadeep Beri, Deepti Zwi, Anthony B. Jagnoor, Jagnoor Toxicon X Toxins from venomous and poisonous animal Snakebite is a public health problem in many countries, with India having the highest number of deaths. Not much is known about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on snakebite care. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with those bitten by venomous snakes through the two waves of COVID-19 (March–May 2020; May–November 2021), their caregivers, health care workers and social workers in two areas (Sundarbans and Hooghly) of West Bengal, India. We used a constructivist approach and conducted a thematic analysis. We identified the following themes: 1. Snakebite continued to be recognised as an acute emergency during successive waves of COVID-19; 2. COVID-19 magnified the financial woes of communities with high snakebite burden; 3. The choice of health care provider was driven by multiple factors and consideration of trade-offs, many of which leaned toward use of traditional providers during COVID-19; 4. Rurality, financial and social disadvantage and cultural safety, in and beyond the health system, affected snakebite care; 5. There is strong and shared felt need for multi-faceted community programs on snakebite. We mapped factors affecting snakebite care in the three-delay model (decision to seek care, reaching appropriate health facility, receiving appropriate care), originally developed for maternal mortality. The result of our study contextualises and brings forth evidence on impact of COVID-19 on snakebite care in West Bengal, India. Multi-faceted community programs, are needed for addressing factors affecting snakebite care, including during disease outbreaks - thus improving health systems resilience. Community programs for increasing formal health service usage, should be accompanied by health systems strengthening, instead of an exclusive focus on awareness against traditional providers. Elsevier 2023-04-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10091724/ /pubmed/37089517 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100157 Text en © 2023 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Toxins from venomous and poisonous animal
Bhaumik, Soumyadeep
Beri, Deepti
Zwi, Anthony B.
Jagnoor, Jagnoor
Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study
title Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study
title_full Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study
title_fullStr Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study
title_short Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study
title_sort snakebite care through the first two waves of covid-19 in west bengal, india: a qualitative study
topic Toxins from venomous and poisonous animal
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37089517
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100157
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