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The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control
AIMS: Cognitive and motivational processes are thought to underlie cannabis use disorder (CUD), but research assessing how cognitive processes [e.g. interference control (IC)] interact with implicit [e.g. attentional bias (AB)] and explicit motivation (i.e. craving) is lacking. We assessed the prese...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091751/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36189776 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.16059 |
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author | Kroon, Emese Kuhns, Lauren Dunkerbeck, Annette Cousijn, Janna |
author_facet | Kroon, Emese Kuhns, Lauren Dunkerbeck, Annette Cousijn, Janna |
author_sort | Kroon, Emese |
collection | PubMed |
description | AIMS: Cognitive and motivational processes are thought to underlie cannabis use disorder (CUD), but research assessing how cognitive processes [e.g. interference control (IC)] interact with implicit [e.g. attentional bias (AB)] and explicit motivation (i.e. craving) is lacking. We assessed the presence of AB in cannabis users with varying use severity and tested models of moderation, mediation and moderated mediation to assess how AB, craving and IC interact in their association with measures of cannabis use. DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study design was used. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Eight studies performed by our laboratory in the Netherlands including never‐sporadic, occasional (≤ 1/month) and regular cannabis users (≥ 2/week), and individuals in treatment for CUD were combined (n = 560; 71% male). MEASUREMENTS: Studies included a classic Stroop task (IC), a cannabis Stroop task (AB) and measures of session‐induced and average session craving. Both heaviness of cannabis use (grams/week) and severity of use related problems were included. FINDINGS: Only those in treatment for CUD showed an AB to cannabis (P = 0.019) and group differences were only observed when comparing CUD with never‐sporadic users (P = 0.007). In occasional and regular users, IC was negatively associated with heaviness (β = 0.015, P < 0.001), but not severity of use. Average session craving (exploratory), but not session‐induced craving (confirmatory), mediated this association between AB and heaviness (β = 0.050, P = 0.011) as well as severity of use (β = 0.083, P = 0.009); higher AB was associated with heavier use and more severe problems through increased craving. CONCLUSIONS: Attentional bias only appears to be present in cannabis users with the most severe problems and craving appears to mediate the association between attentional bias and both heaviness and severity of use in occasional and regular users. The association of interference control with heaviness but not severity of use may point to subacute intoxication effects of cannabis use on interference control. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10091751 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100917512023-04-13 The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control Kroon, Emese Kuhns, Lauren Dunkerbeck, Annette Cousijn, Janna Addiction Research Reports AIMS: Cognitive and motivational processes are thought to underlie cannabis use disorder (CUD), but research assessing how cognitive processes [e.g. interference control (IC)] interact with implicit [e.g. attentional bias (AB)] and explicit motivation (i.e. craving) is lacking. We assessed the presence of AB in cannabis users with varying use severity and tested models of moderation, mediation and moderated mediation to assess how AB, craving and IC interact in their association with measures of cannabis use. DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study design was used. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Eight studies performed by our laboratory in the Netherlands including never‐sporadic, occasional (≤ 1/month) and regular cannabis users (≥ 2/week), and individuals in treatment for CUD were combined (n = 560; 71% male). MEASUREMENTS: Studies included a classic Stroop task (IC), a cannabis Stroop task (AB) and measures of session‐induced and average session craving. Both heaviness of cannabis use (grams/week) and severity of use related problems were included. FINDINGS: Only those in treatment for CUD showed an AB to cannabis (P = 0.019) and group differences were only observed when comparing CUD with never‐sporadic users (P = 0.007). In occasional and regular users, IC was negatively associated with heaviness (β = 0.015, P < 0.001), but not severity of use. Average session craving (exploratory), but not session‐induced craving (confirmatory), mediated this association between AB and heaviness (β = 0.050, P = 0.011) as well as severity of use (β = 0.083, P = 0.009); higher AB was associated with heavier use and more severe problems through increased craving. CONCLUSIONS: Attentional bias only appears to be present in cannabis users with the most severe problems and craving appears to mediate the association between attentional bias and both heaviness and severity of use in occasional and regular users. The association of interference control with heaviness but not severity of use may point to subacute intoxication effects of cannabis use on interference control. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-10-17 2023-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10091751/ /pubmed/36189776 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.16059 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Research Reports Kroon, Emese Kuhns, Lauren Dunkerbeck, Annette Cousijn, Janna The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control |
title | The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control |
title_full | The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control |
title_fullStr | The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control |
title_full_unstemmed | The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control |
title_short | The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control |
title_sort | who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control |
topic | Research Reports |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091751/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36189776 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.16059 |
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