Resolution of Deep Peroneal Nerve Palsy after Seroma Evacuation in a Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report

INTRODUCTION: In this manuscript, we present a late presentation of deep peroneal nerve symptoms after total hip arthroplasty (THA) which subsequently completely resolved after seroma evacuation and sciatic nerve decompression. While hematoma formation causing deep peroneal nerve symptoms after THA has been reported in the literature, we are unaware of any reports of seroma formation causing similar symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old female underwent an uncomplicated primary THA and developed paresthesia’s over the lateral leg and foot drop on post-operative day 7. Ultrasound diagnosed a fluid collection compressing the sciatic nerve. The patient underwent seroma evacuation and sciatic nerve decompression. Patient regained active dorsiflexion and minimal paresthesia’s over the dorsal lateral foot at the 12-month post-operative clinic visit. CONCLUSION: Early operative intervention in patients with diagnosed fluid collection and worsening neurological deficits can result in good outcomes. This is a unique case as there are no other case reports of seroma formation causing deep peroneal nerve palsy.