Non‐surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri‐implantitis using an oscillating chitosan brush or a titanium curette—A randomized multicentre controlled clinical trial

OBJECTIVES: This prospective, parallel‐group, examiner‐blinded, multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy of an oscillating chitosan brush (OCB) versus titanium curettes (TC) on clinical parameters in the non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In five dental specialist clinics, 39 patients with one implant with mild to moderate peri‐implantitis, defined as 2–4 mm radiographic reduced bone level, bleeding index (BI) ≥ 2, and probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm were randomly allocated to test and control groups, receiving OCB or TC debridement, respectively. Treatment was performed at baseline and three months. PPD, BI, and Plaque index (PI) were measured at six sites per implant and recorded by five blinded examiners at baseline, one, three, and six month(s). Pus was recorded as present/not present. Changes in PPD and BI were compared between groups and analysed using multilevel partial ordinal and linear regression. RESULTS: Thirty‐eight patients completed the study. Both groups showed significant reductions in PPD and BI at six months compared with baseline (p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in PPD and BI changes between the groups. Eradication of peri‐implant disease as defined was observed in 9.5% of cases in the OCB group and 5.9% in the TC group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this six‐month multicentre clinical trial, non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis with OCB and TC showed no difference between the interventions. Eradication of disease was not predictable for any of the groups.