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A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel
Liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and fatal cancers worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common primary liver cancer. Hundreds of studies involving thousands of patients have now been analysed across different cancer types, including HCC, regarding the eff...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12071074 |
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author | Dievernich, Axel Stegmaier, Johannes Achenbach, Pascal Warkentin, Svetlana Braunschweig, Till Neumann, Ulf Peter Klinge, Uwe |
author_facet | Dievernich, Axel Stegmaier, Johannes Achenbach, Pascal Warkentin, Svetlana Braunschweig, Till Neumann, Ulf Peter Klinge, Uwe |
author_sort | Dievernich, Axel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and fatal cancers worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common primary liver cancer. Hundreds of studies involving thousands of patients have now been analysed across different cancer types, including HCC, regarding the effects of immune infiltrates on the prognosis of cancer patients. However, for these analyses, an unambiguous delineation of the cancer area is paramount, which is difficult due to the strong heterogeneity and considerable inter-operator variability induced by qualitative visual assessment and manual assignment. Nowadays, however, multiplex analyses allow the simultaneous evaluation of multiple protein markers, which, in conjunction with recent machine learning approaches, may offer great potential for the objective, enhanced identification of cancer areas with further in situ analysis of prognostic immune parameters. In this study, we, therefore, used an exemplary five-marker multiplex immunofluorescence panel of commonly studied markers for prognosis (CD3 T, CD4 T helper, CD8 cytotoxic T, FoxP3 regulatory T, and PD-L1) and DAPI to assess which analytical approach is best suited to combine morphological and immunohistochemical data into a cancer score to identify the cancer area that best matches an independent pathologist’s assignment. For each cell, a total of 68 individual cell features were determined, which were used as input for 4 different approaches for computing a cancer score: a correlation-based selection of individual cell features, a MANOVA-based selection of features, a multilayer perceptron, and a convolutional neural network (a U-net). Accuracy was used to evaluate performance. With a mean accuracy of 75%, the U-net was best capable of identifying the cancer area. Although individual cell features showed a strong heterogeneity between patients, the spatial representations obtained with the computed cancer scores delineate HCC well from non-cancer liver tissues. Future analyses with larger sample sizes will help to improve the model and enable direct, in-depth investigations of prognostic parameters, ultimately enabling precision medicine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10093209 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100932092023-04-13 A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel Dievernich, Axel Stegmaier, Johannes Achenbach, Pascal Warkentin, Svetlana Braunschweig, Till Neumann, Ulf Peter Klinge, Uwe Cells Article Liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and fatal cancers worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common primary liver cancer. Hundreds of studies involving thousands of patients have now been analysed across different cancer types, including HCC, regarding the effects of immune infiltrates on the prognosis of cancer patients. However, for these analyses, an unambiguous delineation of the cancer area is paramount, which is difficult due to the strong heterogeneity and considerable inter-operator variability induced by qualitative visual assessment and manual assignment. Nowadays, however, multiplex analyses allow the simultaneous evaluation of multiple protein markers, which, in conjunction with recent machine learning approaches, may offer great potential for the objective, enhanced identification of cancer areas with further in situ analysis of prognostic immune parameters. In this study, we, therefore, used an exemplary five-marker multiplex immunofluorescence panel of commonly studied markers for prognosis (CD3 T, CD4 T helper, CD8 cytotoxic T, FoxP3 regulatory T, and PD-L1) and DAPI to assess which analytical approach is best suited to combine morphological and immunohistochemical data into a cancer score to identify the cancer area that best matches an independent pathologist’s assignment. For each cell, a total of 68 individual cell features were determined, which were used as input for 4 different approaches for computing a cancer score: a correlation-based selection of individual cell features, a MANOVA-based selection of features, a multilayer perceptron, and a convolutional neural network (a U-net). Accuracy was used to evaluate performance. With a mean accuracy of 75%, the U-net was best capable of identifying the cancer area. Although individual cell features showed a strong heterogeneity between patients, the spatial representations obtained with the computed cancer scores delineate HCC well from non-cancer liver tissues. Future analyses with larger sample sizes will help to improve the model and enable direct, in-depth investigations of prognostic parameters, ultimately enabling precision medicine. MDPI 2023-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC10093209/ /pubmed/37048147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12071074 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dievernich, Axel Stegmaier, Johannes Achenbach, Pascal Warkentin, Svetlana Braunschweig, Till Neumann, Ulf Peter Klinge, Uwe A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel |
title | A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel |
title_full | A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel |
title_fullStr | A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel |
title_full_unstemmed | A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel |
title_short | A Deep-Learning-Computed Cancer Score for the Identification of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Area Based on a Six-Colour Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel |
title_sort | deep-learning-computed cancer score for the identification of human hepatocellular carcinoma area based on a six-colour multiplex immunofluorescence panel |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048147 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12071074 |
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