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Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review

SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this systematic review, we assessed studies on automatic monitoring of respiratory disease in livestock. This can help to understand if precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies are able to fulfill their purpose and can provide insights into the potential of commercially avai...

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Autores principales: Garrido, Luís F. C., Sato, Sabrina T. M., Costa, Leandro B., Daros, Ruan R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071273
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author Garrido, Luís F. C.
Sato, Sabrina T. M.
Costa, Leandro B.
Daros, Ruan R.
author_facet Garrido, Luís F. C.
Sato, Sabrina T. M.
Costa, Leandro B.
Daros, Ruan R.
author_sort Garrido, Luís F. C.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this systematic review, we assessed studies on automatic monitoring of respiratory disease in livestock. This can help to understand if precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies are able to fulfill their purpose and can provide insights into the potential of commercially available PLF options. Few PLF technologies had good performance measures with tests under field conditions and using a reliable reference test, indicating that technologies still fall short for monitoring clinical signs or the onset of respiratory diseases in bovine, swine, and poultry productions. This review assessed previously published development and validation articles of PLF technologies to monitor respiratory health, and it highlights that more than just performance measures should be assessed when discussing the potential and pitfalls of PLF technologies. ABSTRACT: Respiratory diseases commonly affect livestock species, negatively impacting animal’s productivity and welfare. The use of precision livestock farming (PLF) applied in respiratory disease detection has been developed for several species. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if PLF technologies can reliably monitor clinical signs or detect cases of respiratory diseases. A technology was considered reliable if high performance was achieved (sensitivity > 90% and specificity or precision > 90%) under field conditions and using a reliable reference test. Risk of bias was assessed, and only technologies tested in studies with low risk of bias were considered reliable. From 23 studies included—swine (13), poultry (6), and bovine (4) —only three complied with our reliability criteria; however, two of these were considered to have a high risk of bias. Thus, only one swine technology fully fit our criteria. Future studies should include field tests and use previously validated reference tests to assess technology’s performance. In conclusion, relying completely on PLF for monitoring respiratory diseases is still a challenge, though several technologies are promising, having high performance in field tests.
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spelling pubmed-100935562023-04-13 Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review Garrido, Luís F. C. Sato, Sabrina T. M. Costa, Leandro B. Daros, Ruan R. Animals (Basel) Systematic Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this systematic review, we assessed studies on automatic monitoring of respiratory disease in livestock. This can help to understand if precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies are able to fulfill their purpose and can provide insights into the potential of commercially available PLF options. Few PLF technologies had good performance measures with tests under field conditions and using a reliable reference test, indicating that technologies still fall short for monitoring clinical signs or the onset of respiratory diseases in bovine, swine, and poultry productions. This review assessed previously published development and validation articles of PLF technologies to monitor respiratory health, and it highlights that more than just performance measures should be assessed when discussing the potential and pitfalls of PLF technologies. ABSTRACT: Respiratory diseases commonly affect livestock species, negatively impacting animal’s productivity and welfare. The use of precision livestock farming (PLF) applied in respiratory disease detection has been developed for several species. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if PLF technologies can reliably monitor clinical signs or detect cases of respiratory diseases. A technology was considered reliable if high performance was achieved (sensitivity > 90% and specificity or precision > 90%) under field conditions and using a reliable reference test. Risk of bias was assessed, and only technologies tested in studies with low risk of bias were considered reliable. From 23 studies included—swine (13), poultry (6), and bovine (4) —only three complied with our reliability criteria; however, two of these were considered to have a high risk of bias. Thus, only one swine technology fully fit our criteria. Future studies should include field tests and use previously validated reference tests to assess technology’s performance. In conclusion, relying completely on PLF for monitoring respiratory diseases is still a challenge, though several technologies are promising, having high performance in field tests. MDPI 2023-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10093556/ /pubmed/37048529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071273 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Garrido, Luís F. C.
Sato, Sabrina T. M.
Costa, Leandro B.
Daros, Ruan R.
Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review
title Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review
title_full Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review
title_short Can We Reliably Detect Respiratory Diseases through Precision Farming? A Systematic Review
title_sort can we reliably detect respiratory diseases through precision farming? a systematic review
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10093556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071273
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