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Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones
Velocity is one of the main factors affecting the kinematic of snow sports’ accidents and the severity of resulting injuries. The aims of the present study were to measure the actual maximum velocities attained by a sample of snow sports participants in slow zones, to compare them to the recommended...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37047924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075302 |
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author | Carus, Luis Mamaqi-Kapllani, Xhevrije |
author_facet | Carus, Luis Mamaqi-Kapllani, Xhevrije |
author_sort | Carus, Luis |
collection | PubMed |
description | Velocity is one of the main factors affecting the kinematic of snow sports’ accidents and the severity of resulting injuries. The aims of the present study were to measure the actual maximum velocities attained by a sample of snow sports participants in slow zones, to compare them to the recommended velocity limits and to assess whether their velocities were in any way related to their personal characteristics and to environmental conditions. Data were drawn from a sample of 1023 recreational skiers and snowboarders during the 2021–2022 winter season at four ski resorts located in the Spanish Pyrenees. Maximum velocity measurements were taken by the authors with a radar speed gun whose precision had been previously validated. Bivariate analysis tests were used to compare the influence that personal characteristics and environmental conditions had on the participants’ maximum velocities. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis was performed. The binary logistic regression was used to distinguish the categories of personal and environmental factors that have the highest probabilities of impact on different segments of velocity. As generally accepted, probability values were two-tailed, and values of 0.05 or less were regarded as statistically significant. Participants’ mean measured maximum velocity (±SD) was 51.61 (±16.14) km/h. A vast majority of the participants in this study traveled in slow zones at actual maximum velocities well over the recommended limits. Multivariate analysis showed that modality and both environmental conditions (visibility and snow quality) were highly significant and can be used to explain the chances of an increase in velocity in slow zones. Further research is needed to investigate causal relationships between skiers and snowboarders’ accidents, injuries and disrespect for velocity limits. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10094303 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100943032023-04-13 Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones Carus, Luis Mamaqi-Kapllani, Xhevrije Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Velocity is one of the main factors affecting the kinematic of snow sports’ accidents and the severity of resulting injuries. The aims of the present study were to measure the actual maximum velocities attained by a sample of snow sports participants in slow zones, to compare them to the recommended velocity limits and to assess whether their velocities were in any way related to their personal characteristics and to environmental conditions. Data were drawn from a sample of 1023 recreational skiers and snowboarders during the 2021–2022 winter season at four ski resorts located in the Spanish Pyrenees. Maximum velocity measurements were taken by the authors with a radar speed gun whose precision had been previously validated. Bivariate analysis tests were used to compare the influence that personal characteristics and environmental conditions had on the participants’ maximum velocities. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis was performed. The binary logistic regression was used to distinguish the categories of personal and environmental factors that have the highest probabilities of impact on different segments of velocity. As generally accepted, probability values were two-tailed, and values of 0.05 or less were regarded as statistically significant. Participants’ mean measured maximum velocity (±SD) was 51.61 (±16.14) km/h. A vast majority of the participants in this study traveled in slow zones at actual maximum velocities well over the recommended limits. Multivariate analysis showed that modality and both environmental conditions (visibility and snow quality) were highly significant and can be used to explain the chances of an increase in velocity in slow zones. Further research is needed to investigate causal relationships between skiers and snowboarders’ accidents, injuries and disrespect for velocity limits. MDPI 2023-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10094303/ /pubmed/37047924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075302 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Carus, Luis Mamaqi-Kapllani, Xhevrije Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones |
title | Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones |
title_full | Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones |
title_fullStr | Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones |
title_full_unstemmed | Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones |
title_short | Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants’ Actual Velocities in Slow Zones |
title_sort | managing accident prevention in ski resorts: participants’ actual velocities in slow zones |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37047924 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075302 |
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