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The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, a...

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Autores principales: Matuszewska, Agnieszka, Kowalski, Krzysztof, Jawień, Paulina, Tomkalski, Tomasz, Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara, Merwid-Ląd, Anna, Szeląg, Ewa, Błaszczak, Karolina, Wiatrak, Benita, Danielewski, Maciej, Piasny, Janusz, Szeląg, Adam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37047464
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076492
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author Matuszewska, Agnieszka
Kowalski, Krzysztof
Jawień, Paulina
Tomkalski, Tomasz
Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara
Merwid-Ląd, Anna
Szeląg, Ewa
Błaszczak, Karolina
Wiatrak, Benita
Danielewski, Maciej
Piasny, Janusz
Szeląg, Adam
author_facet Matuszewska, Agnieszka
Kowalski, Krzysztof
Jawień, Paulina
Tomkalski, Tomasz
Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara
Merwid-Ląd, Anna
Szeląg, Ewa
Błaszczak, Karolina
Wiatrak, Benita
Danielewski, Maciej
Piasny, Janusz
Szeląg, Adam
author_sort Matuszewska, Agnieszka
collection PubMed
description Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, and the poorer response to antipsychotic treatment in men compared to women suggests the involvement of sex hormones in these processes. This article aims to draw attention to the possible relationship between testosterone and some clinical features in male schizophrenic patients and discuss the complex nature of these phenomena based on data from the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select the papers without limiting the time of the publications. Hormone levels in the body are regulated by many organs and systems, and take place through the neuroendocrine, hormonal, neural, and metabolic pathways. Sex hormones play an important role in the development and function of the organism. Besides their impact on secondary sex characteristics, they influence brain development and function, mood, and cognition. In men with schizophrenia, altered testosterone levels were noted. In many cases, evidence from available single studies gave contradictory results. However, it seems that the testosterone level in men affected by schizophrenia may differ depending on the phase of the disease, types of clinical symptoms, and administered therapy. The etiology of testosterone level disturbances may be very complex. Besides the impact of the illness (schizophrenia), stress, and antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, testosterone levels may be influenced by, i.a., obesity, substances of abuse (e.g., ethanol), or liver damage.
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spelling pubmed-100948072023-04-13 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia Matuszewska, Agnieszka Kowalski, Krzysztof Jawień, Paulina Tomkalski, Tomasz Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara Merwid-Ląd, Anna Szeląg, Ewa Błaszczak, Karolina Wiatrak, Benita Danielewski, Maciej Piasny, Janusz Szeląg, Adam Int J Mol Sci Review Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, and the poorer response to antipsychotic treatment in men compared to women suggests the involvement of sex hormones in these processes. This article aims to draw attention to the possible relationship between testosterone and some clinical features in male schizophrenic patients and discuss the complex nature of these phenomena based on data from the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select the papers without limiting the time of the publications. Hormone levels in the body are regulated by many organs and systems, and take place through the neuroendocrine, hormonal, neural, and metabolic pathways. Sex hormones play an important role in the development and function of the organism. Besides their impact on secondary sex characteristics, they influence brain development and function, mood, and cognition. In men with schizophrenia, altered testosterone levels were noted. In many cases, evidence from available single studies gave contradictory results. However, it seems that the testosterone level in men affected by schizophrenia may differ depending on the phase of the disease, types of clinical symptoms, and administered therapy. The etiology of testosterone level disturbances may be very complex. Besides the impact of the illness (schizophrenia), stress, and antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, testosterone levels may be influenced by, i.a., obesity, substances of abuse (e.g., ethanol), or liver damage. MDPI 2023-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10094807/ /pubmed/37047464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076492 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Matuszewska, Agnieszka
Kowalski, Krzysztof
Jawień, Paulina
Tomkalski, Tomasz
Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara
Merwid-Ląd, Anna
Szeląg, Ewa
Błaszczak, Karolina
Wiatrak, Benita
Danielewski, Maciej
Piasny, Janusz
Szeląg, Adam
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia
title The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia
title_full The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia
title_fullStr The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia
title_short The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia
title_sort hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men with schizophrenia
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37047464
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076492
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