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The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094807/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37047464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076492 |
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author | Matuszewska, Agnieszka Kowalski, Krzysztof Jawień, Paulina Tomkalski, Tomasz Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara Merwid-Ląd, Anna Szeląg, Ewa Błaszczak, Karolina Wiatrak, Benita Danielewski, Maciej Piasny, Janusz Szeląg, Adam |
author_facet | Matuszewska, Agnieszka Kowalski, Krzysztof Jawień, Paulina Tomkalski, Tomasz Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara Merwid-Ląd, Anna Szeląg, Ewa Błaszczak, Karolina Wiatrak, Benita Danielewski, Maciej Piasny, Janusz Szeląg, Adam |
author_sort | Matuszewska, Agnieszka |
collection | PubMed |
description | Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, and the poorer response to antipsychotic treatment in men compared to women suggests the involvement of sex hormones in these processes. This article aims to draw attention to the possible relationship between testosterone and some clinical features in male schizophrenic patients and discuss the complex nature of these phenomena based on data from the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select the papers without limiting the time of the publications. Hormone levels in the body are regulated by many organs and systems, and take place through the neuroendocrine, hormonal, neural, and metabolic pathways. Sex hormones play an important role in the development and function of the organism. Besides their impact on secondary sex characteristics, they influence brain development and function, mood, and cognition. In men with schizophrenia, altered testosterone levels were noted. In many cases, evidence from available single studies gave contradictory results. However, it seems that the testosterone level in men affected by schizophrenia may differ depending on the phase of the disease, types of clinical symptoms, and administered therapy. The etiology of testosterone level disturbances may be very complex. Besides the impact of the illness (schizophrenia), stress, and antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, testosterone levels may be influenced by, i.a., obesity, substances of abuse (e.g., ethanol), or liver damage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10094807 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100948072023-04-13 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia Matuszewska, Agnieszka Kowalski, Krzysztof Jawień, Paulina Tomkalski, Tomasz Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara Merwid-Ląd, Anna Szeląg, Ewa Błaszczak, Karolina Wiatrak, Benita Danielewski, Maciej Piasny, Janusz Szeląg, Adam Int J Mol Sci Review Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, and the poorer response to antipsychotic treatment in men compared to women suggests the involvement of sex hormones in these processes. This article aims to draw attention to the possible relationship between testosterone and some clinical features in male schizophrenic patients and discuss the complex nature of these phenomena based on data from the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select the papers without limiting the time of the publications. Hormone levels in the body are regulated by many organs and systems, and take place through the neuroendocrine, hormonal, neural, and metabolic pathways. Sex hormones play an important role in the development and function of the organism. Besides their impact on secondary sex characteristics, they influence brain development and function, mood, and cognition. In men with schizophrenia, altered testosterone levels were noted. In many cases, evidence from available single studies gave contradictory results. However, it seems that the testosterone level in men affected by schizophrenia may differ depending on the phase of the disease, types of clinical symptoms, and administered therapy. The etiology of testosterone level disturbances may be very complex. Besides the impact of the illness (schizophrenia), stress, and antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, testosterone levels may be influenced by, i.a., obesity, substances of abuse (e.g., ethanol), or liver damage. MDPI 2023-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10094807/ /pubmed/37047464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076492 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Matuszewska, Agnieszka Kowalski, Krzysztof Jawień, Paulina Tomkalski, Tomasz Gaweł-Dąbrowska, Dagmara Merwid-Ląd, Anna Szeląg, Ewa Błaszczak, Karolina Wiatrak, Benita Danielewski, Maciej Piasny, Janusz Szeląg, Adam The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia |
title | The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia |
title_full | The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia |
title_fullStr | The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia |
title_full_unstemmed | The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia |
title_short | The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia |
title_sort | hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men with schizophrenia |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10094807/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37047464 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076492 |
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