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Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress
Methods for material investigation are powerful tools that allow specialists to elucidate important aspects regarding ancient artifacts such as the Roman amphorae deposits discovered at Potaissa Fortress in Turda, Romania. Archeological debate states that the deposit contained olive oil and wine amp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10095784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072628 |
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author | Farcas, Iulia Alexandra Dippong, Thomas Petean, Ioan Moldovan, Marioara Filip, Miuta Rafila Ciotlaus, Irina Tudoran, Lucian Barbu Borodi, Gheorghe Paltinean, Gertrud Alexandra Pripon, Emanoil Bunea, Claudiu Ioan |
author_facet | Farcas, Iulia Alexandra Dippong, Thomas Petean, Ioan Moldovan, Marioara Filip, Miuta Rafila Ciotlaus, Irina Tudoran, Lucian Barbu Borodi, Gheorghe Paltinean, Gertrud Alexandra Pripon, Emanoil Bunea, Claudiu Ioan |
author_sort | Farcas, Iulia Alexandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Methods for material investigation are powerful tools that allow specialists to elucidate important aspects regarding ancient artifacts such as the Roman amphorae deposits discovered at Potaissa Fortress in Turda, Romania. Archeological debate states that the deposit contained olive oil and wine amphorae, but no material evidence has been presented until now. The current research is focused on the most representative large amphora fragments found in the Potaissa deposit, with a significant amount of sediment on their walls, to give archeologists the material proof to elucidate their debate. Sediment was collected from each fragment and subjected to complex analysis. XRD investigation combined with cross-polarized light microscopy demonstrated mineral particles such as quartz, clay (muscovite and traces of biotite), and calcite. Quartz and calcite particles have a rounded shape and diameters in a range of 20–200 µm, and clay particles have a lamellar shape and dimensions from 1 to 20 µm, a fact confirmed by SEM microscopy. Sample 2 presented a large amount of amorphous phase followed by Samples 1 and 3, with a low amount of organic phase. FTIR investigation confirms organic phase presence owing to strong absorption bands regarding C-H, C=O, and O-H chemical bonds related to aliphatic compounds in Sample 2, and to some decayed wine residue in Samples 1 and 3. EDS elemental analysis was used for organic particle identification in the amphora sediments and to obtain a correlation with their microstructure. GC–MS investigation showed volatile compounds related to wine residue for Samples 1 and 3 and decomposed fats for Sample 2. Tartaric and malic acid were identified by HPLC in Samples 1 and 3, which are wine biomarkers. The correlation of all experimental results concludes with no doubt that Amphora 2 contained olive oil and Amphorae 1 and 3 contained wine in ancient times. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10095784 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100957842023-04-13 Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress Farcas, Iulia Alexandra Dippong, Thomas Petean, Ioan Moldovan, Marioara Filip, Miuta Rafila Ciotlaus, Irina Tudoran, Lucian Barbu Borodi, Gheorghe Paltinean, Gertrud Alexandra Pripon, Emanoil Bunea, Claudiu Ioan Materials (Basel) Article Methods for material investigation are powerful tools that allow specialists to elucidate important aspects regarding ancient artifacts such as the Roman amphorae deposits discovered at Potaissa Fortress in Turda, Romania. Archeological debate states that the deposit contained olive oil and wine amphorae, but no material evidence has been presented until now. The current research is focused on the most representative large amphora fragments found in the Potaissa deposit, with a significant amount of sediment on their walls, to give archeologists the material proof to elucidate their debate. Sediment was collected from each fragment and subjected to complex analysis. XRD investigation combined with cross-polarized light microscopy demonstrated mineral particles such as quartz, clay (muscovite and traces of biotite), and calcite. Quartz and calcite particles have a rounded shape and diameters in a range of 20–200 µm, and clay particles have a lamellar shape and dimensions from 1 to 20 µm, a fact confirmed by SEM microscopy. Sample 2 presented a large amount of amorphous phase followed by Samples 1 and 3, with a low amount of organic phase. FTIR investigation confirms organic phase presence owing to strong absorption bands regarding C-H, C=O, and O-H chemical bonds related to aliphatic compounds in Sample 2, and to some decayed wine residue in Samples 1 and 3. EDS elemental analysis was used for organic particle identification in the amphora sediments and to obtain a correlation with their microstructure. GC–MS investigation showed volatile compounds related to wine residue for Samples 1 and 3 and decomposed fats for Sample 2. Tartaric and malic acid were identified by HPLC in Samples 1 and 3, which are wine biomarkers. The correlation of all experimental results concludes with no doubt that Amphora 2 contained olive oil and Amphorae 1 and 3 contained wine in ancient times. MDPI 2023-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10095784/ /pubmed/37048922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072628 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Farcas, Iulia Alexandra Dippong, Thomas Petean, Ioan Moldovan, Marioara Filip, Miuta Rafila Ciotlaus, Irina Tudoran, Lucian Barbu Borodi, Gheorghe Paltinean, Gertrud Alexandra Pripon, Emanoil Bunea, Claudiu Ioan Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress |
title | Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress |
title_full | Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress |
title_fullStr | Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress |
title_full_unstemmed | Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress |
title_short | Material Evidence of Sediments Recovered from Ancient Amphorae Found at the Potaissa Roman Fortress |
title_sort | material evidence of sediments recovered from ancient amphorae found at the potaissa roman fortress |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10095784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37048922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072628 |
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