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Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of the adipose tissue. In this review, we have highligh...

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Autores principales: Artasensi, Angelica, Mazzolari, Angelica, Pedretti, Alessandro, Vistoli, Giulio, Fumagalli, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10095867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37049856
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073094
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author Artasensi, Angelica
Mazzolari, Angelica
Pedretti, Alessandro
Vistoli, Giulio
Fumagalli, Laura
author_facet Artasensi, Angelica
Mazzolari, Angelica
Pedretti, Alessandro
Vistoli, Giulio
Fumagalli, Laura
author_sort Artasensi, Angelica
collection PubMed
description Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of the adipose tissue. In this review, we have highlighted adipose tissue dysfunction as a major factor in the etiology of these conditions since it promotes chronic inflammation, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and impaired adipogenesis, leading to the accumulation of ectopic fat and insulin resistance. This dysfunctional state can be effectively ameliorated by the loss of at least 15% of body weight, that is correlated with better glycemic control, decreased likelihood of cardiometabolic disease, and an improvement in overall quality of life. Weight loss can be achieved through lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, regular physical activity) and pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized different effective management strategies to address weight loss, such as bariatric surgery and several classes of drugs, namely metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, amylin analogs, and SGLT2 inhibitors. These drugs act by targeting various mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM, and they have been shown to induce significant weight loss and improve glycemic control in obese individuals with T2DM.
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spelling pubmed-100958672023-04-13 Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options Artasensi, Angelica Mazzolari, Angelica Pedretti, Alessandro Vistoli, Giulio Fumagalli, Laura Molecules Review Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Both obesity and T2DM are strongly associated with adiposopathy, a term that describes the pathophysiological changes of the adipose tissue. In this review, we have highlighted adipose tissue dysfunction as a major factor in the etiology of these conditions since it promotes chronic inflammation, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and impaired adipogenesis, leading to the accumulation of ectopic fat and insulin resistance. This dysfunctional state can be effectively ameliorated by the loss of at least 15% of body weight, that is correlated with better glycemic control, decreased likelihood of cardiometabolic disease, and an improvement in overall quality of life. Weight loss can be achieved through lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, regular physical activity) and pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized different effective management strategies to address weight loss, such as bariatric surgery and several classes of drugs, namely metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, amylin analogs, and SGLT2 inhibitors. These drugs act by targeting various mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2DM, and they have been shown to induce significant weight loss and improve glycemic control in obese individuals with T2DM. MDPI 2023-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10095867/ /pubmed/37049856 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073094 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Artasensi, Angelica
Mazzolari, Angelica
Pedretti, Alessandro
Vistoli, Giulio
Fumagalli, Laura
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options
title Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options
title_full Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options
title_fullStr Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options
title_full_unstemmed Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options
title_short Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adiposopathy as a Triggering Factor and Therapeutic Options
title_sort obesity and type 2 diabetes: adiposopathy as a triggering factor and therapeutic options
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10095867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37049856
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073094
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