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Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.)

Seed burial under wrack, mats of water-transported plant debris, can limit recruitment of seedlings in wetlands. In a greenhouse experiment, we studied the effects of wrack burial (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 cm depths) on germination and emergence of the macrophyte Iris pseudacorus, native to Europe, Mediterrane...

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Autores principales: Castillo, Jesús M., Gallego-Tévar, Blanca, Grewell, Brenda J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10096986/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050136
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12071510
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author Castillo, Jesús M.
Gallego-Tévar, Blanca
Grewell, Brenda J.
author_facet Castillo, Jesús M.
Gallego-Tévar, Blanca
Grewell, Brenda J.
author_sort Castillo, Jesús M.
collection PubMed
description Seed burial under wrack, mats of water-transported plant debris, can limit recruitment of seedlings in wetlands. In a greenhouse experiment, we studied the effects of wrack burial (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 cm depths) on germination and emergence of the macrophyte Iris pseudacorus, native to Europe, Mediterranean Basin, and western Asia, that has invaded wetlands in nearly every global ecozone. We recorded the percentages of germinating, senescent, and quiescent seeds and evaluated seedling establishment and growth relative to substrate environmental variables. Seedling emergence of I. pseudacorus was reduced from >80% in controls without burial to <40% even at minimal wrack depths of 1 cm. Few I. pseudacorus seedlings were able to emerge from wrack burial of up to 8 cm in depth. We also found greater numbers of both quiescent seeds and germinated seeds that did not emerge from wrack burial. Reduced seedling emergence and increased seed quiescence with wrack burial were primarily explained by a reduction in daily temperature variation within the substrate. No senescent seedlings were observed with any depth of wrack burial. In view of our results, the management of I. pseudacorus invasion will be a long-term challenge, requiring continued control due to persistent seeds in wrack-buried seed banks.
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spelling pubmed-100969862023-04-13 Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.) Castillo, Jesús M. Gallego-Tévar, Blanca Grewell, Brenda J. Plants (Basel) Article Seed burial under wrack, mats of water-transported plant debris, can limit recruitment of seedlings in wetlands. In a greenhouse experiment, we studied the effects of wrack burial (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 cm depths) on germination and emergence of the macrophyte Iris pseudacorus, native to Europe, Mediterranean Basin, and western Asia, that has invaded wetlands in nearly every global ecozone. We recorded the percentages of germinating, senescent, and quiescent seeds and evaluated seedling establishment and growth relative to substrate environmental variables. Seedling emergence of I. pseudacorus was reduced from >80% in controls without burial to <40% even at minimal wrack depths of 1 cm. Few I. pseudacorus seedlings were able to emerge from wrack burial of up to 8 cm in depth. We also found greater numbers of both quiescent seeds and germinated seeds that did not emerge from wrack burial. Reduced seedling emergence and increased seed quiescence with wrack burial were primarily explained by a reduction in daily temperature variation within the substrate. No senescent seedlings were observed with any depth of wrack burial. In view of our results, the management of I. pseudacorus invasion will be a long-term challenge, requiring continued control due to persistent seeds in wrack-buried seed banks. MDPI 2023-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10096986/ /pubmed/37050136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12071510 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Castillo, Jesús M.
Gallego-Tévar, Blanca
Grewell, Brenda J.
Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.)
title Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.)
title_full Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.)
title_fullStr Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.)
title_full_unstemmed Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.)
title_short Wrack Burial Limits Germination and Establishment of Yellow Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.)
title_sort wrack burial limits germination and establishment of yellow flag iris (iris pseudacorus l.)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10096986/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050136
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12071510
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