Lower 24‐h urinary potassium excretion is associated with higher prevalent depression and anxiety status in general population

BACKGROUND: Uncertainty remains about the association of potassium (K) intake with depression and anxiety status. We explored their relationship using 24‐h urinary K, reflecting K intake, in general population. METHODS: We collected 24‐h urine and performed self‐rating depression and anxiety scales (SDS, SAS) cross‐sectionally in adults selected by random sampling in China. SDS and SAS standard score ≥50 defined depression and anxiety status. Participants were divided into three groups (T1, T2, and T3) by 24‐h urinary K tertile. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding anti‐hypertensive agent takers. RESULTS: 546 participants comprised current analytical sample. First, T1 and T2 groups showed higher SDS scores (40.0 vs 40.0 vs 36.0, p = .001), prevalence (19.8 vs 15.9 vs 7.1%, p = .002), whereas increased adjusted odds for depression status only in T1 group (OR = 2.71, p = .017), compared with T3 group. Second, T1 and T2 groups showed higher SAS scores (38.0 vs 40 vs 35.0, p < .001) and prevalence (14.8 vs 21.4 vs 8.8%, p = .003), whereas increased adjusted odds for anxiety status only in T2 group (OR = 2.07, p = .042), compared with T3 groups. Third, T1 and T2 groups showed higher prevalence (10.4% vs 11.5% vs 2.7%, p = .004) and adjusted odds (OR = 3.71, p = .013; OR = 3.66, p = .014) for co‐existent anxiety and depression status, compared with T3 group. Most results remained consistent in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Lower K intake is implicated in presence of anxiety and depression status in general population; this may provide basis for programs to increase K intake and prevent disease.