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Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility
As many gastro-intestinal pathogens, the majority of Clostridioides difficile strains express flagella together with a complete chemotaxis system. The resulting swimming motility is likely contributing to the colonization success of this important pathogen. In contrast to the well investigated gener...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37065145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172707 |
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author | Schwanbeck, Julian Oehmig, Ines Groß, Uwe Bohne, Wolfgang |
author_facet | Schwanbeck, Julian Oehmig, Ines Groß, Uwe Bohne, Wolfgang |
author_sort | Schwanbeck, Julian |
collection | PubMed |
description | As many gastro-intestinal pathogens, the majority of Clostridioides difficile strains express flagella together with a complete chemotaxis system. The resulting swimming motility is likely contributing to the colonization success of this important pathogen. In contrast to the well investigated general energy metabolism of C. difficile, little is known about the metabolic requirements for maintaining the ion motive force across the membrane, which in turn powers the flagellar motor. We studied here systematically the effect of various amino acids and carbohydrates on the swimming velocity of C. difficile using video microscopy in conjunction with a software based quantification of the swimming speed. Removal of individual amino acids from the medium identified proline and cysteine as the most important amino acids that power swimming motility. Glycine, which is as proline one of the few amino acids that are reduced in Stickland reactions, was not critical for swimming motility. This suggests that the ion motive force that powers the flagellar motor, is critically depending on proline reduction. A maximal and stable swimming motility was achieved with only four compounds, including the amino acids proline, cysteine and isoleucine together with a single, but interchangeable carbohydrate source such as glucose, succinate, mannose, ribose, pyruvate, trehalose, or ethanolamine. We expect that the identified “minimal motility medium” will be useful in future investigations on the flagellar motility and chemotactic behavior in C. difficile, particularly for the unambiguous identification of chemoattractants. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10098170 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100981702023-04-14 Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility Schwanbeck, Julian Oehmig, Ines Groß, Uwe Bohne, Wolfgang Front Microbiol Microbiology As many gastro-intestinal pathogens, the majority of Clostridioides difficile strains express flagella together with a complete chemotaxis system. The resulting swimming motility is likely contributing to the colonization success of this important pathogen. In contrast to the well investigated general energy metabolism of C. difficile, little is known about the metabolic requirements for maintaining the ion motive force across the membrane, which in turn powers the flagellar motor. We studied here systematically the effect of various amino acids and carbohydrates on the swimming velocity of C. difficile using video microscopy in conjunction with a software based quantification of the swimming speed. Removal of individual amino acids from the medium identified proline and cysteine as the most important amino acids that power swimming motility. Glycine, which is as proline one of the few amino acids that are reduced in Stickland reactions, was not critical for swimming motility. This suggests that the ion motive force that powers the flagellar motor, is critically depending on proline reduction. A maximal and stable swimming motility was achieved with only four compounds, including the amino acids proline, cysteine and isoleucine together with a single, but interchangeable carbohydrate source such as glucose, succinate, mannose, ribose, pyruvate, trehalose, or ethanolamine. We expect that the identified “minimal motility medium” will be useful in future investigations on the flagellar motility and chemotactic behavior in C. difficile, particularly for the unambiguous identification of chemoattractants. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10098170/ /pubmed/37065145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172707 Text en Copyright © 2023 Schwanbeck, Oehmig, Groß and Bohne. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Schwanbeck, Julian Oehmig, Ines Groß, Uwe Bohne, Wolfgang Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility |
title | Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility |
title_full | Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility |
title_fullStr | Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility |
title_full_unstemmed | Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility |
title_short | Clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility |
title_sort | clostridioides difficile minimal nutrient requirements for flagellar motility |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37065145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172707 |
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