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Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems

Traditional agricultural methods, which are still adopted today, depend on many factors. Food production processes face serious risks, such as limited clean water resources and supplements such as phosphorus, in addition to weather conditions due to climate change, the distribution of pests and soil...

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Autor principal: Yegül, Uğur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098819/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050764
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073706
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author Yegül, Uğur
author_facet Yegül, Uğur
author_sort Yegül, Uğur
collection PubMed
description Traditional agricultural methods, which are still adopted today, depend on many factors. Food production processes face serious risks, such as limited clean water resources and supplements such as phosphorus, in addition to weather conditions due to climate change, the distribution of pests and soil-borne diseases, and increasing demand due to population growth, which can lead to famine. In particular, there may be cases where the soil nutrient content is insufficient and the soil structure is not suitable for cultivation. Therefore, soilless farming techniques have become popular, where the producer is entirely in control of the process. Additionally, many factors affect conventional farming techniques, including restrictions on land suitable for agriculture, climate-increased transportation costs from production areas to central regions, and environmental sanctions. Therefore, soilless farming techniques and the use of technology have rapidly gained importance. The use of technology has two crucial parameters: hardware and software. Today, no device can simultaneously control the electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature of the solution in systems cultivated with soilless farming techniques. The present study was conducted to find a solution to the needs in this area. An automatic control system was developed and tested, employing a microcontroller, various sensors, appropriate open-source codes, and original software. Electrical conductivity (EC), power of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature (T) values were determined successfully by the developed control system. The area where the experiment was conducted is a fully controlled and closed area established within Ankara University. The ambient temperature was 22 °C and the humidity was 39%. The coordinates of the experimental area are 39.962013 and 32.867491. Three different artificial lighting intensities (165.6 µmol m(−2) s(−1), 248.4 µmol m(−2) s(−1), and 331.2 µmol m(−2) s(−1)) and a desired photoperiod duration can be applied to the site.
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spelling pubmed-100988192023-04-14 Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems Yegül, Uğur Sensors (Basel) Article Traditional agricultural methods, which are still adopted today, depend on many factors. Food production processes face serious risks, such as limited clean water resources and supplements such as phosphorus, in addition to weather conditions due to climate change, the distribution of pests and soil-borne diseases, and increasing demand due to population growth, which can lead to famine. In particular, there may be cases where the soil nutrient content is insufficient and the soil structure is not suitable for cultivation. Therefore, soilless farming techniques have become popular, where the producer is entirely in control of the process. Additionally, many factors affect conventional farming techniques, including restrictions on land suitable for agriculture, climate-increased transportation costs from production areas to central regions, and environmental sanctions. Therefore, soilless farming techniques and the use of technology have rapidly gained importance. The use of technology has two crucial parameters: hardware and software. Today, no device can simultaneously control the electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature of the solution in systems cultivated with soilless farming techniques. The present study was conducted to find a solution to the needs in this area. An automatic control system was developed and tested, employing a microcontroller, various sensors, appropriate open-source codes, and original software. Electrical conductivity (EC), power of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature (T) values were determined successfully by the developed control system. The area where the experiment was conducted is a fully controlled and closed area established within Ankara University. The ambient temperature was 22 °C and the humidity was 39%. The coordinates of the experimental area are 39.962013 and 32.867491. Three different artificial lighting intensities (165.6 µmol m(−2) s(−1), 248.4 µmol m(−2) s(−1), and 331.2 µmol m(−2) s(−1)) and a desired photoperiod duration can be applied to the site. MDPI 2023-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10098819/ /pubmed/37050764 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073706 Text en © 2023 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yegül, Uğur
Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems
title Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems
title_full Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems
title_fullStr Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems
title_full_unstemmed Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems
title_short Development of an Embedded Software and Control Kit to Be Used in Soilless Agriculture Production Systems
title_sort development of an embedded software and control kit to be used in soilless agriculture production systems
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098819/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050764
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073706
work_keys_str_mv AT yegulugur developmentofanembeddedsoftwareandcontrolkittobeusedinsoillessagricultureproductionsystems