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An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments
The access control (AC) system in an IoT (Internet of Things) context ensures that only authorized entities have access to specific devices and that the authorization procedure is based on pre-established rules. Recently, blockchain-based AC systems have gained attention within research as a potenti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098902/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050502 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073443 |
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author | Lin, Xin Zhang, Yuanyuan Huang, Changhai Xing, Bin Chen, Liangyin Hu, Dasha Chen, Yanru |
author_facet | Lin, Xin Zhang, Yuanyuan Huang, Changhai Xing, Bin Chen, Liangyin Hu, Dasha Chen, Yanru |
author_sort | Lin, Xin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The access control (AC) system in an IoT (Internet of Things) context ensures that only authorized entities have access to specific devices and that the authorization procedure is based on pre-established rules. Recently, blockchain-based AC systems have gained attention within research as a potential solution to the single point of failure issue that centralized architectures may bring. Moreover, zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) technology is included in blockchain-based AC systems to address the issue of sensitive data leaking. However, current solutions have two problems: (1) systems built by these works are not adaptive to high-traffic IoT environments because of low transactions per second (TPS) and high latency; (2) these works cannot fully guarantee that all user behaviors are honest. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based AC system with zero-knowledge rollups to address the aforementioned issues. Our proposed system implements zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) of access control, where different AC authorization requests can be grouped into the same batch to generate a uniform ZKP, which is designed specifically to guarantee that participants can be trusted. In low-traffic environments, sufficient experiments show that the proposed system has the least AC authorization time cost compared to existing works. In high-traffic environments, we further prove that based on the ZK-rollups optimization, the proposed system can reduce the authorization time overhead by 86%. Furthermore, the security analysis is presented to show the system’s ability to prevent malicious behaviors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10098902 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100989022023-04-14 An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments Lin, Xin Zhang, Yuanyuan Huang, Changhai Xing, Bin Chen, Liangyin Hu, Dasha Chen, Yanru Sensors (Basel) Article The access control (AC) system in an IoT (Internet of Things) context ensures that only authorized entities have access to specific devices and that the authorization procedure is based on pre-established rules. Recently, blockchain-based AC systems have gained attention within research as a potential solution to the single point of failure issue that centralized architectures may bring. Moreover, zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) technology is included in blockchain-based AC systems to address the issue of sensitive data leaking. However, current solutions have two problems: (1) systems built by these works are not adaptive to high-traffic IoT environments because of low transactions per second (TPS) and high latency; (2) these works cannot fully guarantee that all user behaviors are honest. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based AC system with zero-knowledge rollups to address the aforementioned issues. Our proposed system implements zero-knowledge rollups (ZK-rollups) of access control, where different AC authorization requests can be grouped into the same batch to generate a uniform ZKP, which is designed specifically to guarantee that participants can be trusted. In low-traffic environments, sufficient experiments show that the proposed system has the least AC authorization time cost compared to existing works. In high-traffic environments, we further prove that based on the ZK-rollups optimization, the proposed system can reduce the authorization time overhead by 86%. Furthermore, the security analysis is presented to show the system’s ability to prevent malicious behaviors. MDPI 2023-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10098902/ /pubmed/37050502 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073443 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lin, Xin Zhang, Yuanyuan Huang, Changhai Xing, Bin Chen, Liangyin Hu, Dasha Chen, Yanru An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
title | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
title_full | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
title_fullStr | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
title_full_unstemmed | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
title_short | An Access Control System Based on Blockchain with Zero-Knowledge Rollups in High-Traffic IoT Environments |
title_sort | access control system based on blockchain with zero-knowledge rollups in high-traffic iot environments |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098902/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050502 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073443 |
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