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Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition

Although numerous schemes, including learning-based approaches, have attempted to determine a solution for location recognition in indoor environments using RSSI, they suffer from the severe instability of RSSI. Compared with the solutions obtained by recurrent-approached neural networks, various st...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lee, Hyunji, Lee, Jaeho
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050512
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073453
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author Lee, Hyunji
Lee, Jaeho
author_facet Lee, Hyunji
Lee, Jaeho
author_sort Lee, Hyunji
collection PubMed
description Although numerous schemes, including learning-based approaches, have attempted to determine a solution for location recognition in indoor environments using RSSI, they suffer from the severe instability of RSSI. Compared with the solutions obtained by recurrent-approached neural networks, various state-of-the-art solutions have been obtained using the convolutional neural network (CNN) approach based on feature extraction considering indoor conditions. Complying with such a stream, this study presents the image transformation scheme for the reasonable outcomes in CNN, obtained from practical RSSI with artificial Gaussian noise injection. Additionally, it presents an appropriate learning model with consideration of the characteristics of time series data. For the evaluation, a testbed is constructed, the practical raw RSSI is applied after the learning process, and the performance is evaluated with results of about 46.2% enhancement compared to the method employing only CNN.
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spelling pubmed-100989082023-04-14 Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition Lee, Hyunji Lee, Jaeho Sensors (Basel) Article Although numerous schemes, including learning-based approaches, have attempted to determine a solution for location recognition in indoor environments using RSSI, they suffer from the severe instability of RSSI. Compared with the solutions obtained by recurrent-approached neural networks, various state-of-the-art solutions have been obtained using the convolutional neural network (CNN) approach based on feature extraction considering indoor conditions. Complying with such a stream, this study presents the image transformation scheme for the reasonable outcomes in CNN, obtained from practical RSSI with artificial Gaussian noise injection. Additionally, it presents an appropriate learning model with consideration of the characteristics of time series data. For the evaluation, a testbed is constructed, the practical raw RSSI is applied after the learning process, and the performance is evaluated with results of about 46.2% enhancement compared to the method employing only CNN. MDPI 2023-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10098908/ /pubmed/37050512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073453 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lee, Hyunji
Lee, Jaeho
Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition
title Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition
title_full Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition
title_fullStr Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition
title_full_unstemmed Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition
title_short Convolutional Model with a Time Series Feature Based on RSSI Analysis with the Markov Transition Field for Enhancement of Location Recognition
title_sort convolutional model with a time series feature based on rssi analysis with the markov transition field for enhancement of location recognition
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10098908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37050512
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073453
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