Charged Particles Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity Distribution in Hadronic Collisions at LHC Energies

We present an analysis of the pseudorapidity [Formula: see text] and transverse momentum [Formula: see text] distributions of charged hadrons in [Formula: see text] collisions for the kinematic range of [Formula: see text] GeV/c and [Formula: see text] at 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV. Charged particles are produced in [Formula: see text] collision using several Monte Carlo event generators (Pythia Simple, Vincia, Dire showers, Sibyll2.3d, QGSJETII-04, EPOS-LHC) and compared with CMS data at LHC. It is observed that the Simple parton showers can explain the CMS data very well for [Formula: see text] GeV/c at 0.9 and 2.36 TeV within the experimental errors, while Dire overshoots and Vicia undershoots the data by 50% each. At 7 TeV, the Dire module presents a good prediction, whereas the Simple and Vincia modules underestimate the data within 30% and 50%. Comparing the Simple module of the Pythia model and the predictions of the CRMC models with the experimental data shows that at 0.9 TeV, EPOS-LHC has better results than the others. At 2.36 GeV, the cosmic rays Monte Carlo (CRMC) models have better prediction than the Simple module of Pythia at low [Formula: see text] , while QGSJETII-04 predicts well at high [Formula: see text]. QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC have closer results than the Pythia-Simple and Sibyll2.3d at 7 TeV. In the case of the pseudorapidity distributions, only the Pythia-Simple reproduced the experimental measurements at all energies. The Dire module overestimates, while Vincia underestimates the data in decreasing order of discrepancy (20%, 12%, 5%) with energy. All CRMC models underestimate the data over the entire [Formula: see text] range at all energies by 20%. The angular ordering of partons and the parton fragmentation could be possible reasons for this deviation. Furthermore, we used the two-component standard distribution to fit the [Formula: see text] spectra to the experimental data and extracted the effective temperature ([Formula: see text]) and the multiplicity parameter ([Formula: see text]). It is observed that [Formula: see text] increases with the increase in the center of mass energy. The fit yielded [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text] , and [Formula: see text] GeV for 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV, respectively. This shows that the system at higher energies freezes out earlier than lower ones because they quickly attain the equilibrium state.