Application of amniotic membranes in reconstructive surgery of internal organs—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Amniotic membrane (AM) has great potential as a scaffold for tissue regeneration in reconstructive surgery. To date, no systematic review of the literature has been performed for the applications of AM in wound closure of internal organs. Therefore, in this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we summarize the literature on the safety and efficacy of AM for the closure of internal organs. A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE‐PubMed database and OVID Embase to retrieve human and controlled animal studies on wound closure of internal organs. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized clinical trials and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool for animal studies were used. Meta‐analyses (MAs) were conducted for controlled animal studies to assess efficacy of closure, mortality and complications in subjects who underwent surgical wound closure in internal organs with the application of AM. Sixty references containing 26 human experiments and 36 animal experiments were included. The MAs of the controlled animal studies showed comparable results with regard to closure, mortality and complications, and suggested improved mechanical strength and lower inflammation scores after AM application when compared to standard surgical closure techniques. This systematic review and MAs demonstrate that the application of AM to promote wound healing of internal organs appears to be safe, efficacious, and feasible.