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Plumes from Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area
[Image: see text] The relationship between surface area and dynamics of processes can be demonstrated by adding iron at room temperature to liquid nitrogen. The rate at which the liquid nitrogen boils to produce gas is related to the surface area of the iron. Adding iron in the form of consistent un...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10100552/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37067875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00699 |
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author | Campbell, Dean J. Kuntzleman, Thomas S. Lippincott, Kayla Yassin, Abe Dar, Khitab Ott, Q |
author_facet | Campbell, Dean J. Kuntzleman, Thomas S. Lippincott, Kayla Yassin, Abe Dar, Khitab Ott, Q |
author_sort | Campbell, Dean J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] The relationship between surface area and dynamics of processes can be demonstrated by adding iron at room temperature to liquid nitrogen. The rate at which the liquid nitrogen boils to produce gas is related to the surface area of the iron. Adding iron in the form of consistent units that have measurable sizes can be readily connected to observable differences in rates of nitrogen gas production. For example, samples of smaller iron spheres with their greater surface area transfer heat more quickly than do larger spheres of the same volume to liquid nitrogen causing it to boil faster, but more briefly, and produce larger plumes of nitrogen gas from a container vent. The plumes are essentially comprised of nitrogen and water, which make them potentially safer than plumes from other demonstrations such as the “genie in a bottle”, based on hydrogen peroxide decomposition. These simple activities can be used as stand-alone demonstrations or as the basis of laboratory activities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10100552 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101005522023-04-14 Plumes from Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area Campbell, Dean J. Kuntzleman, Thomas S. Lippincott, Kayla Yassin, Abe Dar, Khitab Ott, Q J Chem Educ [Image: see text] The relationship between surface area and dynamics of processes can be demonstrated by adding iron at room temperature to liquid nitrogen. The rate at which the liquid nitrogen boils to produce gas is related to the surface area of the iron. Adding iron in the form of consistent units that have measurable sizes can be readily connected to observable differences in rates of nitrogen gas production. For example, samples of smaller iron spheres with their greater surface area transfer heat more quickly than do larger spheres of the same volume to liquid nitrogen causing it to boil faster, but more briefly, and produce larger plumes of nitrogen gas from a container vent. The plumes are essentially comprised of nitrogen and water, which make them potentially safer than plumes from other demonstrations such as the “genie in a bottle”, based on hydrogen peroxide decomposition. These simple activities can be used as stand-alone demonstrations or as the basis of laboratory activities. American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc. 2023-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10100552/ /pubmed/37067875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00699 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Campbell, Dean J. Kuntzleman, Thomas S. Lippincott, Kayla Yassin, Abe Dar, Khitab Ott, Q Plumes from Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area |
title | Plumes from
Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to
Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area |
title_full | Plumes from
Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to
Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area |
title_fullStr | Plumes from
Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to
Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area |
title_full_unstemmed | Plumes from
Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to
Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area |
title_short | Plumes from
Using Iron to Boil Liquid Nitrogen to
Illustrate the Importance of Surface Area |
title_sort | plumes from
using iron to boil liquid nitrogen to
illustrate the importance of surface area |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10100552/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37067875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00699 |
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