Adaptation and Validation of the Malay-Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire to Assess Chrononutrition Behavior of Young Adults in Malaysia

BACKGROUND: Chrononutrition studies how biological rhythms and nutrition are associated with human health. However, a validated assessment in Malaysia is still absent. OBJECTIVES: To create a translation of the Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire (CPQ), test its validity and reliability, and determine the general chrononutrition behaviors among Malaysian young adults. METHODS: The Malay-CPQ was distributed to respondents through online platforms (n = 110), and data analyses were performed. The data were analyzed for their validity using content validity index (CVI) and face validity index (FVI), whereas intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine test–retest reliability. RESULTS: Our results showed both CVI and FVI of Malay-CPQ were 1, indicating excellent content translation, while the ICC values ranged from moderate to good (0.50–0.90). The Cronbach α values for all items ranged from moderate to good (0.50–0.90), and the Bland–Altman analysis showed a P value >0.05, indicating agreement of the item between repeated measurements. The chrononutrition behaviors among Malaysian young adults presented fair to good scores for all behavior patterns: eating window, breakfast skipping, evening eating, night eating, and largest meal, except evening latency, being mostly at the poor score (>80% responses). CONCLUSIONS: The Malay-CPQ is a valid and reliable tool to assess the Malaysian chrononutrition profile. However, further testing on Malay-CPQ should be conducted in a different setting in Malaysia for cross-validation studies.