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Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics

BACKGROUND: Providing clinicians with an accurate method to predict kinetic measurements using 2D kinematic motion analysis is crucial to the management of distance runners. Evidence is needed to compare the accuracy of 2D and 3D kinematic measurements as well as measured and estimated kinetic varia...

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Autores principales: Martinez, Caitlyn, Garbett, Seth, Hiromasa, Kristen, Jackson, Rhandi, Miya, Eric, Miya, Michelle, White, Joshua D, Baum, Brian S, Reinking, Mark F
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: NASMI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101235/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37064082
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author Martinez, Caitlyn
Garbett, Seth
Hiromasa, Kristen
Jackson, Rhandi
Miya, Eric
Miya, Michelle
White, Joshua D
Baum, Brian S
Reinking, Mark F
author_facet Martinez, Caitlyn
Garbett, Seth
Hiromasa, Kristen
Jackson, Rhandi
Miya, Eric
Miya, Michelle
White, Joshua D
Baum, Brian S
Reinking, Mark F
author_sort Martinez, Caitlyn
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Providing clinicians with an accurate method to predict kinetic measurements using 2D kinematic motion analysis is crucial to the management of distance runners. Evidence is needed to compare the accuracy of 2D and 3D kinematic measurements as well as measured and estimated kinetic variables. PURPOSES: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare 2D video analysis of running kinematics with gold standard 3D motion capture and, (2) to evaluate published equations which estimate running kinetics using 2D kinematic and spatiotemporal values and modify these equations based on study findings. DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional design METHODS: Runners who averaged at least 20 miles per week were invited to participate. Athletes ran on an instrumented treadmill at their preferred training pace for a 6-minute warm-up. Markers were placed over designated anatomical landmarks on both sides of the pelvis as well as the left lower extremity. Subjects then ran at their preferred speed and kinematic data were recorded using both the 2D and 3D camera systems at 240 frames/second. Additionally, ground reaction forces were recorded at 1200Hz. 2D and 3D kinematic values were compared and published kinetic prediction formulas were tested. Linear regression was used to develop new prediction equations for average loading rate (AVG_LR), peak vertical ground reaction force (VERT_GRF), and peak braking force (PK_BRK). Paired t-tests were used to assess differences between the 2D and 3D kinematic variables and the measured (MEAS) and calculated (CALC) kinetic variables. RESULTS: Thirty runners (13 men and 17 women) voluntarily consented to participate in this study and the mean age of the participants was 31.8 years (range 20 to 48 years). Although significant differences existed, all 2D kinematic measures were within 2°-5° of 3D kinematic measures. Published prediction equations for AVG_LR and VERT_GRF were supported, but new prediction equations showed higher R(2) for AVG_LR (0.52) and VERT_GRF (0.75) compared to previous work. A new prediction equation for PK_BRK was developed. No significant differences were found between the MEAS and CALC kinetic variables using the new equations. CONCLUSION: Accurate predictions of kinetic variables can be made using spatiotemporal and 2D kinematic variables. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2
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spelling pubmed-101012352023-04-14 Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics Martinez, Caitlyn Garbett, Seth Hiromasa, Kristen Jackson, Rhandi Miya, Eric Miya, Michelle White, Joshua D Baum, Brian S Reinking, Mark F Int J Sports Phys Ther Original Research BACKGROUND: Providing clinicians with an accurate method to predict kinetic measurements using 2D kinematic motion analysis is crucial to the management of distance runners. Evidence is needed to compare the accuracy of 2D and 3D kinematic measurements as well as measured and estimated kinetic variables. PURPOSES: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare 2D video analysis of running kinematics with gold standard 3D motion capture and, (2) to evaluate published equations which estimate running kinetics using 2D kinematic and spatiotemporal values and modify these equations based on study findings. DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional design METHODS: Runners who averaged at least 20 miles per week were invited to participate. Athletes ran on an instrumented treadmill at their preferred training pace for a 6-minute warm-up. Markers were placed over designated anatomical landmarks on both sides of the pelvis as well as the left lower extremity. Subjects then ran at their preferred speed and kinematic data were recorded using both the 2D and 3D camera systems at 240 frames/second. Additionally, ground reaction forces were recorded at 1200Hz. 2D and 3D kinematic values were compared and published kinetic prediction formulas were tested. Linear regression was used to develop new prediction equations for average loading rate (AVG_LR), peak vertical ground reaction force (VERT_GRF), and peak braking force (PK_BRK). Paired t-tests were used to assess differences between the 2D and 3D kinematic variables and the measured (MEAS) and calculated (CALC) kinetic variables. RESULTS: Thirty runners (13 men and 17 women) voluntarily consented to participate in this study and the mean age of the participants was 31.8 years (range 20 to 48 years). Although significant differences existed, all 2D kinematic measures were within 2°-5° of 3D kinematic measures. Published prediction equations for AVG_LR and VERT_GRF were supported, but new prediction equations showed higher R(2) for AVG_LR (0.52) and VERT_GRF (0.75) compared to previous work. A new prediction equation for PK_BRK was developed. No significant differences were found between the MEAS and CALC kinetic variables using the new equations. CONCLUSION: Accurate predictions of kinetic variables can be made using spatiotemporal and 2D kinematic variables. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2 NASMI 2022-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10101235/ /pubmed/37064082 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Martinez, Caitlyn
Garbett, Seth
Hiromasa, Kristen
Jackson, Rhandi
Miya, Eric
Miya, Michelle
White, Joshua D
Baum, Brian S
Reinking, Mark F
Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics
title Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics
title_full Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics
title_fullStr Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics
title_short Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics
title_sort comparison of 2-d and 3-d analysis of running kinematics and actual versus predicted running kinetics
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101235/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37064082
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