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Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares

Solar flares are one of the severest solar activities that have important effects on near-Earth space. Previous studies have shown that flight arrival delays increase as a result of solar flares, but the intrinsic mechanism behind this relationship is still unknown. In this study, we conducted a com...

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Autores principales: Xu, X. H., Wang, Y., Wei, F. S., Feng, X. S., Bo, M. H., Tang, H. W., Wang, D. S., Bian, L., Wang, B. Y., Zhang, W. Y., Huang, Y. S., Li, Z., Guo, J. P., Zuo, P. B., Jiang, C. W., Xu, X. J., Zhou, Z. L., Zou, P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37055539
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33306-9
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author Xu, X. H.
Wang, Y.
Wei, F. S.
Feng, X. S.
Bo, M. H.
Tang, H. W.
Wang, D. S.
Bian, L.
Wang, B. Y.
Zhang, W. Y.
Huang, Y. S.
Li, Z.
Guo, J. P.
Zuo, P. B.
Jiang, C. W.
Xu, X. J.
Zhou, Z. L.
Zou, P.
author_facet Xu, X. H.
Wang, Y.
Wei, F. S.
Feng, X. S.
Bo, M. H.
Tang, H. W.
Wang, D. S.
Bian, L.
Wang, B. Y.
Zhang, W. Y.
Huang, Y. S.
Li, Z.
Guo, J. P.
Zuo, P. B.
Jiang, C. W.
Xu, X. J.
Zhou, Z. L.
Zou, P.
author_sort Xu, X. H.
collection PubMed
description Solar flares are one of the severest solar activities that have important effects on near-Earth space. Previous studies have shown that flight arrival delays increase as a result of solar flares, but the intrinsic mechanism behind this relationship is still unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of flight departure delays during 57 solar X-ray events by using a huge amount of flight data (~ 5 × 10(6) records) gathered over a 5-year period. It is found that the average flight departure delay time during solar X-ray events increased by 20.68% (7.67 min) compared to quiet periods. Our analysis also revealed apparent time and latitude dependencies, with flight delays being more serious on the dayside than on the nightside and longer (shorter) delays tending to occur in lower (higher) latitude airports during solar X-ray events. Furthermore, our results suggest that the intensity of solar flares (soft X-ray flux) and the Solar Zenith Angle directly modulate flight departure delay time and delay rate. These results indicate that communication interferences caused by solar flares directly affect flight departure delays. This work expands our conventional understanding of the impacts of solar flares on human society and provides new insights for preventing or coping with flight delays.
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spelling pubmed-101022452023-04-15 Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares Xu, X. H. Wang, Y. Wei, F. S. Feng, X. S. Bo, M. H. Tang, H. W. Wang, D. S. Bian, L. Wang, B. Y. Zhang, W. Y. Huang, Y. S. Li, Z. Guo, J. P. Zuo, P. B. Jiang, C. W. Xu, X. J. Zhou, Z. L. Zou, P. Sci Rep Article Solar flares are one of the severest solar activities that have important effects on near-Earth space. Previous studies have shown that flight arrival delays increase as a result of solar flares, but the intrinsic mechanism behind this relationship is still unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of flight departure delays during 57 solar X-ray events by using a huge amount of flight data (~ 5 × 10(6) records) gathered over a 5-year period. It is found that the average flight departure delay time during solar X-ray events increased by 20.68% (7.67 min) compared to quiet periods. Our analysis also revealed apparent time and latitude dependencies, with flight delays being more serious on the dayside than on the nightside and longer (shorter) delays tending to occur in lower (higher) latitude airports during solar X-ray events. Furthermore, our results suggest that the intensity of solar flares (soft X-ray flux) and the Solar Zenith Angle directly modulate flight departure delay time and delay rate. These results indicate that communication interferences caused by solar flares directly affect flight departure delays. This work expands our conventional understanding of the impacts of solar flares on human society and provides new insights for preventing or coping with flight delays. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10102245/ /pubmed/37055539 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33306-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Xu, X. H.
Wang, Y.
Wei, F. S.
Feng, X. S.
Bo, M. H.
Tang, H. W.
Wang, D. S.
Bian, L.
Wang, B. Y.
Zhang, W. Y.
Huang, Y. S.
Li, Z.
Guo, J. P.
Zuo, P. B.
Jiang, C. W.
Xu, X. J.
Zhou, Z. L.
Zou, P.
Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares
title Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares
title_full Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares
title_fullStr Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares
title_short Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares
title_sort characteristics of flight delays during solar flares
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37055539
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33306-9
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