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Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review

Human intoxication after mercury exposure is a rare condition that can cause severe damage to the central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, skin, and visual systems and represents a major public health concern. Ophthalmic involvement includes impaired function of the ext...

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Autores principales: de los Santos, Cristian, Pastor, J. Carlos, Calonge, Margarita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37063600
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1148357
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author de los Santos, Cristian
Pastor, J. Carlos
Calonge, Margarita
author_facet de los Santos, Cristian
Pastor, J. Carlos
Calonge, Margarita
author_sort de los Santos, Cristian
collection PubMed
description Human intoxication after mercury exposure is a rare condition that can cause severe damage to the central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, skin, and visual systems and represents a major public health concern. Ophthalmic involvement includes impaired function of the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, as well as structural changes in the ocular surface, lens, retina, and optic nerve causing a potential irreversible damage to the visual system. Although, there are many pathways for poisoning depending on the mercury form, it has been suggested that tissue distribution does not differ in experimental animals when administered as mercury vapor, organic mercury, or inorganic mercury. Additionally, visual function alterations regarding central visual acuity, color discrimination, contrast sensitivity, visual field and electroretinogram responses have also been described widely. Nevertheless, there is still controversy about whether visual manifestations occur secondary to brain damage or as a direct affectation, and which ocular structure is primarily affected. Despite the use of some imaging techniques such as in vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina and optic nerve, and functional tests such as electroretinography has helped to solve in part this debate, further studies incorporating other imaging modalities such as autofluorescence, OCT angiography or adaptive optics retinal imaging are needed. This review aims to summarize the published structural and functional alterations found in the visual system of patients suffering from mercury intoxication.
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spelling pubmed-101023332023-04-15 Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review de los Santos, Cristian Pastor, J. Carlos Calonge, Margarita Front Toxicol Toxicology Human intoxication after mercury exposure is a rare condition that can cause severe damage to the central nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, skin, and visual systems and represents a major public health concern. Ophthalmic involvement includes impaired function of the extraocular muscles and the eyelids, as well as structural changes in the ocular surface, lens, retina, and optic nerve causing a potential irreversible damage to the visual system. Although, there are many pathways for poisoning depending on the mercury form, it has been suggested that tissue distribution does not differ in experimental animals when administered as mercury vapor, organic mercury, or inorganic mercury. Additionally, visual function alterations regarding central visual acuity, color discrimination, contrast sensitivity, visual field and electroretinogram responses have also been described widely. Nevertheless, there is still controversy about whether visual manifestations occur secondary to brain damage or as a direct affectation, and which ocular structure is primarily affected. Despite the use of some imaging techniques such as in vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina and optic nerve, and functional tests such as electroretinography has helped to solve in part this debate, further studies incorporating other imaging modalities such as autofluorescence, OCT angiography or adaptive optics retinal imaging are needed. This review aims to summarize the published structural and functional alterations found in the visual system of patients suffering from mercury intoxication. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10102333/ /pubmed/37063600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1148357 Text en Copyright © 2023 de los Santos, Pastor and Calonge. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Toxicology
de los Santos, Cristian
Pastor, J. Carlos
Calonge, Margarita
Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review
title Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review
title_full Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review
title_fullStr Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review
title_full_unstemmed Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review
title_short Mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: An update review
title_sort mercury intoxication and ophthalmic involvement: an update review
topic Toxicology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37063600
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1148357
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