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Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone
BACKGROUND: On 14 August 2017, massive landslides and floods hit Freetown (Sierra Leone). More than 1,000 people lost their lives while approximately 6,000 people were displaced. The areas most affected included parts of the town with challenged access to basic water and sanitation facilities, with...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102719/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36872143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.026 |
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author | Gelormini, Marcello Gripenberg, Marissa Marke, Dennis Murray, Mariama Yambasu, Sahr Koblo Kamara, Mohamed Michael Thomas, Caleb Donald Sonne, Kazungu Sang, Sibylle Kayita, Janet Pezzoli, Lorenzo Caleo, Grazia |
author_facet | Gelormini, Marcello Gripenberg, Marissa Marke, Dennis Murray, Mariama Yambasu, Sahr Koblo Kamara, Mohamed Michael Thomas, Caleb Donald Sonne, Kazungu Sang, Sibylle Kayita, Janet Pezzoli, Lorenzo Caleo, Grazia |
author_sort | Gelormini, Marcello |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: On 14 August 2017, massive landslides and floods hit Freetown (Sierra Leone). More than 1,000 people lost their lives while approximately 6,000 people were displaced. The areas most affected included parts of the town with challenged access to basic water and sanitation facilities, with communal water sources likely contaminated by the disaster. To avert a possible cholera outbreak following this emergency, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and international partners, including Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and UNICEF, launched a two-dose pre-emptive vaccination campaign using Euvichol™, an oral cholera vaccine (OCV). METHODS: We conducted a stratified cluster survey to estimate vaccination coverage during the OCV campaign and also monitor adverse events. The study population – subsequently stratified by age group and residence area type (urban/rural) – included all individuals aged 1 year or older, living in one of the 25 communities targeted for vaccination. RESULTS: In total 3,115 households were visited, 7,189 individuals interviewed; 2,822 (39%) people in rural and 4,367 (61%) in urban areas. The two-dose vaccination coverage was 56% (95% confidence interval (CI): 51.0–61.5), 44% (95%CI: 35.2–53.0) in rural and 57% (95%CI: 51.6–62.8) in urban areas. Vaccination coverage with at least one dose was 82% (95%CI: 77.3–85.5), 61% (95%CI: 52.0–70.2) in rural and 83% (95%CI: 78.5–87.1) in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: The Freetown OCV campaign exemplified a timely public health intervention to prevent a cholera outbreak, even if coverage was lower than expected. We hypothesised that vaccination coverage in Freetown was sufficient in providing at least short-term immunity to the population. However, long-term interventions to ensure access to safe water and sanitation are needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10102719 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Elsevier Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101027192023-04-15 Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone Gelormini, Marcello Gripenberg, Marissa Marke, Dennis Murray, Mariama Yambasu, Sahr Koblo Kamara, Mohamed Michael Thomas, Caleb Donald Sonne, Kazungu Sang, Sibylle Kayita, Janet Pezzoli, Lorenzo Caleo, Grazia Vaccine Article BACKGROUND: On 14 August 2017, massive landslides and floods hit Freetown (Sierra Leone). More than 1,000 people lost their lives while approximately 6,000 people were displaced. The areas most affected included parts of the town with challenged access to basic water and sanitation facilities, with communal water sources likely contaminated by the disaster. To avert a possible cholera outbreak following this emergency, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and international partners, including Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and UNICEF, launched a two-dose pre-emptive vaccination campaign using Euvichol™, an oral cholera vaccine (OCV). METHODS: We conducted a stratified cluster survey to estimate vaccination coverage during the OCV campaign and also monitor adverse events. The study population – subsequently stratified by age group and residence area type (urban/rural) – included all individuals aged 1 year or older, living in one of the 25 communities targeted for vaccination. RESULTS: In total 3,115 households were visited, 7,189 individuals interviewed; 2,822 (39%) people in rural and 4,367 (61%) in urban areas. The two-dose vaccination coverage was 56% (95% confidence interval (CI): 51.0–61.5), 44% (95%CI: 35.2–53.0) in rural and 57% (95%CI: 51.6–62.8) in urban areas. Vaccination coverage with at least one dose was 82% (95%CI: 77.3–85.5), 61% (95%CI: 52.0–70.2) in rural and 83% (95%CI: 78.5–87.1) in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: The Freetown OCV campaign exemplified a timely public health intervention to prevent a cholera outbreak, even if coverage was lower than expected. We hypothesised that vaccination coverage in Freetown was sufficient in providing at least short-term immunity to the population. However, long-term interventions to ensure access to safe water and sanitation are needed. Elsevier Science 2023-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10102719/ /pubmed/36872143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.026 Text en . https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gelormini, Marcello Gripenberg, Marissa Marke, Dennis Murray, Mariama Yambasu, Sahr Koblo Kamara, Mohamed Michael Thomas, Caleb Donald Sonne, Kazungu Sang, Sibylle Kayita, Janet Pezzoli, Lorenzo Caleo, Grazia Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone |
title | Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone |
title_full | Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone |
title_fullStr | Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone |
title_full_unstemmed | Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone |
title_short | Coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in Freetown Sierra Leone |
title_sort | coverage survey and lessons learned from a pre-emptive cholera vaccination campaign in urban and rural communities affected by landslides and floods in freetown sierra leone |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10102719/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36872143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.026 |
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