Prevalence & Factors Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Tanzania

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a minimally-invasive lifesaving intervention for these patients; however, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of the procedure commonly occurring due to radiocontrast-induced nephropathy. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam (AKH,D), Tanzania. A total of 227 adults who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention from August 2014 to December 2020 were enrolled. The AKI was defined based on an increase in absolute and rise in percentage creatinine using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was utilized to analyze factors associated with AKI and the outcomes of these patients. Results: Twenty-two of the 227 (9.7%) participants sustained AKI. The majority of the study population was male and of Asian ethnicity. No statistically significant factors were associated with AKI. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9% for the AKI versus 2% for non-AKI groups. The AKI group had a longer hospital stay and required ICU care and organ support including hemodialysis. Conclusions: Nearly 1-in-10 patients undergoing PCI are likely to develop AKI. The in-hospital mortality rate is x4.5 times higher for patients with AKI post-PCI compared to those without AKI. Further larger studies are recommended to determine factors associated with AKI in this population.