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SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests
Objective At present, false negatives/positives have been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostics. Searching for the molecular basis of such tests' unreliability, this study aimed at defining how specific are the sequences used in serological and po...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10104719/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37064977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750078 |
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author | Kanduc, Darja |
author_facet | Kanduc, Darja |
author_sort | Kanduc, Darja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective At present, false negatives/positives have been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostics. Searching for the molecular basis of such tests' unreliability, this study aimed at defining how specific are the sequences used in serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods Analyses were performed on the leading SARS-CoV-2 biomarker spike glycoprotein (gp). Sharing of peptide sequences between the spike antigen and the human host was analyzed using the Peptide Search program from Uniprot database. Sharing of oligonucleotide sequences was investigated using the nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Results Two main points stand out: (1) a massive pentapeptide sharing exists between the spike gp and the human proteome, and only a limited number of pentapeptides (namely 107) identify SARS-CoV-2 spike gp as nonself when compared with the human proteome, and (2) the small phenetic difference practically disappears at the genetic level. Indeed, almost all of the 107 pentadecameric nucleotide sequences coding for the pentapeptides unique to SARS-CoV-2 spike gp are present in human nucleic acids too. Conclusion The data are of immunological significance for defining the issue of the viral versus human specificity and likely explain the fact that false positives can occur in serological and PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10104719 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101047192023-04-15 SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests Kanduc, Darja J Lab Physicians Objective At present, false negatives/positives have been reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostics. Searching for the molecular basis of such tests' unreliability, this study aimed at defining how specific are the sequences used in serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods Analyses were performed on the leading SARS-CoV-2 biomarker spike glycoprotein (gp). Sharing of peptide sequences between the spike antigen and the human host was analyzed using the Peptide Search program from Uniprot database. Sharing of oligonucleotide sequences was investigated using the nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Results Two main points stand out: (1) a massive pentapeptide sharing exists between the spike gp and the human proteome, and only a limited number of pentapeptides (namely 107) identify SARS-CoV-2 spike gp as nonself when compared with the human proteome, and (2) the small phenetic difference practically disappears at the genetic level. Indeed, almost all of the 107 pentadecameric nucleotide sequences coding for the pentapeptides unique to SARS-CoV-2 spike gp are present in human nucleic acids too. Conclusion The data are of immunological significance for defining the issue of the viral versus human specificity and likely explain the fact that false positives can occur in serological and PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2022-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10104719/ /pubmed/37064977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750078 Text en The Indian Association of Laboratory Physicians. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Kanduc, Darja SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests |
title | SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests |
title_full | SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests |
title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests |
title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests |
title_short | SARS-CoV-2: The Self-Nonself Issue and Diagnostic Tests |
title_sort | sars-cov-2: the self-nonself issue and diagnostic tests |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10104719/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37064977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750078 |
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