Does night‐time transpiration provide any benefit to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants which are exposed to salt stress?

The study aimed to test whether night‐time transpiration provides any potential benefit to wheat plants which are subjected to salt stress. Hydroponically grown wheat plants were grown at four levels of salt stress (50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) for 5–8 days prior to harvest (day 14–18). Salt stress caused large decreases in transpiration and leaf elongation rates during day and night. The quantitative relation between the diurnal use of water for transpiration and leaf growth was comparatively little affected by salt. Night‐time transpirational water loss occurred predominantly through stomata in support of respiration. Diurnal gas exchange and leaf growth were functionally linked to each other through the provision of resources (carbon, energy) and an increase in leaf surface area. Diurnal rates of water use associated with leaf cell expansive growth were highly correlated with the water potential of the xylem, which was dominated by the tension component. The tissue‐specific expression level of nine candidate aquaporin genes in elongating and mature leaf tissue was little affected by salt stress or day/night changes. Growing plants under conditions of reduced night‐time transpirational water loss by increasing the relative humidity (RH) during the night to 95% had little effect on the growth response to salt stress, nor was the accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(−) in shoot tissue altered. We conclude that night‐time gas exchange supports the growth in leaf area over a 24 h day/night period. Night‐time transpirational water loss neither decreases nor increases the tolerance to salt stress in wheat.