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Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications

Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are viral sequences integrated into the human genome, resulting from the infection of human germ‐line cells by ancient exogenous retroviruses. Despite losing their replication and retrotransposition abilities, HERVs appear to have been co‐opted in human physiolo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kitsou, Konstantina, Lagiou, Pagona, Magiorkinis, Gkikas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10108094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36428242
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28350
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author Kitsou, Konstantina
Lagiou, Pagona
Magiorkinis, Gkikas
author_facet Kitsou, Konstantina
Lagiou, Pagona
Magiorkinis, Gkikas
author_sort Kitsou, Konstantina
collection PubMed
description Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are viral sequences integrated into the human genome, resulting from the infection of human germ‐line cells by ancient exogenous retroviruses. Despite losing their replication and retrotransposition abilities, HERVs appear to have been co‐opted in human physiological functions while their aberrant expression is linked to human disease. The role of HERVs in multiple malignancies has been demonstrated, however, the extent to which HERV activation and expression participate in the development of cancer is not yet fully comprehended. In this review article, we discuss the presumed role of HERVs in carcinogenesis and their promising diagnostic and prognostic implications. Additionally, we explore recent data on the HERVs in cancer therapeutics, either through the manipulation of their expression, to induce antitumor innate immunity responses or as cancer immunotherapy targets. Finally, more precise and higher resolution high‐throughput sequencing approaches will further elucidate HERV participation in human physiological and pathological processes.
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spelling pubmed-101080942023-04-18 Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications Kitsou, Konstantina Lagiou, Pagona Magiorkinis, Gkikas J Med Virol Reviews Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are viral sequences integrated into the human genome, resulting from the infection of human germ‐line cells by ancient exogenous retroviruses. Despite losing their replication and retrotransposition abilities, HERVs appear to have been co‐opted in human physiological functions while their aberrant expression is linked to human disease. The role of HERVs in multiple malignancies has been demonstrated, however, the extent to which HERV activation and expression participate in the development of cancer is not yet fully comprehended. In this review article, we discuss the presumed role of HERVs in carcinogenesis and their promising diagnostic and prognostic implications. Additionally, we explore recent data on the HERVs in cancer therapeutics, either through the manipulation of their expression, to induce antitumor innate immunity responses or as cancer immunotherapy targets. Finally, more precise and higher resolution high‐throughput sequencing approaches will further elucidate HERV participation in human physiological and pathological processes. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-12-07 2023-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10108094/ /pubmed/36428242 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28350 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Reviews
Kitsou, Konstantina
Lagiou, Pagona
Magiorkinis, Gkikas
Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
title Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
title_full Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
title_fullStr Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
title_full_unstemmed Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
title_short Human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: Oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
title_sort human endogenous retroviruses in cancer: oncogenesis mechanisms and clinical implications
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10108094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36428242
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.28350
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