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Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp
It has recently become evident that the bacterial stringent response is regulated by a triphosphate alarmone (pGpp) as well as the canonical tetra- and pentaphosphate alarmones ppGpp and pppGpp [together, (p)ppGpp]. Often dismissed in the past as an artifact or degradation product, pGpp has been con...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10112252/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920208 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00432-22 |
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author | Malik, Areej Hept, Megan A. Purcell, Erin B. |
author_facet | Malik, Areej Hept, Megan A. Purcell, Erin B. |
author_sort | Malik, Areej |
collection | PubMed |
description | It has recently become evident that the bacterial stringent response is regulated by a triphosphate alarmone (pGpp) as well as the canonical tetra- and pentaphosphate alarmones ppGpp and pppGpp [together, (p)ppGpp]. Often dismissed in the past as an artifact or degradation product, pGpp has been confirmed as a deliberate endpoint of multiple synthetic pathways utilizing GMP, (p)ppGpp, or GDP/GTP as precursors. Some early studies concluded that pGpp functionally mimics (p)ppGpp and that its biological role is to make alarmone metabolism less dependent on the guanine energy charge of the cell by allowing GMP-dependent synthesis to continue when GDP/GTP has been depleted. However, recent reports that pGpp binds unique potential protein receptors and is the only alarmone synthesized by the intestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile indicate that pGpp is more than a stand-in for the longer alarmones and plays a distinct biological role beyond its functional overlap (p)ppGpp. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10112252 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101122522023-04-19 Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp Malik, Areej Hept, Megan A. Purcell, Erin B. Infect Immun Minireview It has recently become evident that the bacterial stringent response is regulated by a triphosphate alarmone (pGpp) as well as the canonical tetra- and pentaphosphate alarmones ppGpp and pppGpp [together, (p)ppGpp]. Often dismissed in the past as an artifact or degradation product, pGpp has been confirmed as a deliberate endpoint of multiple synthetic pathways utilizing GMP, (p)ppGpp, or GDP/GTP as precursors. Some early studies concluded that pGpp functionally mimics (p)ppGpp and that its biological role is to make alarmone metabolism less dependent on the guanine energy charge of the cell by allowing GMP-dependent synthesis to continue when GDP/GTP has been depleted. However, recent reports that pGpp binds unique potential protein receptors and is the only alarmone synthesized by the intestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile indicate that pGpp is more than a stand-in for the longer alarmones and plays a distinct biological role beyond its functional overlap (p)ppGpp. American Society for Microbiology 2023-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10112252/ /pubmed/36920208 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00432-22 Text en Copyright © 2023 Malik et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Minireview Malik, Areej Hept, Megan A. Purcell, Erin B. Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp |
title | Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp |
title_full | Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp |
title_fullStr | Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp |
title_full_unstemmed | Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp |
title_short | Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp |
title_sort | sound the (smaller) alarm: the triphosphate magic spot nucleotide pgpp |
topic | Minireview |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10112252/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920208 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00432-22 |
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