Position of meristems and the angles of the cell division plane regulate the uniqueness of lateral organ shape

Leaf meristem is a cell proliferative zone present in the lateral organ primordia. In this study, we examined how cell proliferative zones in primordia of planar floral organs and polar auxin transport inhibitor (PATI)-treated leaf organs differ from those of non-treated foliage leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, with a focus on the accumulation pattern of ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) protein, a key element for leaf meristem positioning. We found that PATI-induced leaf shape changes were correlated with cell division angle but not with meristem positioning/size or AN3 localisation. In contrast, different shapes between sepals and petals compared with foliage leaves were associated with both altered meristem position, due to altered AN3 expression patterns, and different distributions of cell division angles. A numerical simulation showed that meristem position majorly affected the final shape but biased cell division angles had a minor effect. Taken together, these results suggest that the unique shapes of different lateral organs depend on the position of the meristem in the case of floral organs and cell division angles in the case of leaf organs with different auxin flow.