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Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study
BACKGROUND: An accurate understanding of the mechanical response of ligaments is important for preventing their damage and rupture. To date, ligament mechanical responses are being primarily evaluated using simulations. However, many mathematical simulations construct models of uniform fibre bundles...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10114388/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37072855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03794-6 |
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author | Naya, Yuki Takanari, Hiroki |
author_facet | Naya, Yuki Takanari, Hiroki |
author_sort | Naya, Yuki |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: An accurate understanding of the mechanical response of ligaments is important for preventing their damage and rupture. To date, ligament mechanical responses are being primarily evaluated using simulations. However, many mathematical simulations construct models of uniform fibre bundles or sheets using merely collagen fibres and ignore the mechanical properties of other components such as elastin and crosslinkers. Here, we evaluated the effect of elastin-specific mechanical properties and content on the mechanical response of ligaments to stress using a simple mathematical model. METHODS: Based on multiphoton microscopic images of porcine knee collateral ligaments, we constructed a simple mathematical simulation model that individually includes the mechanical properties of collagen fibres and elastin (fibre model) and compared with another model that considers the ligament as a single sheet (sheet model). We also evaluated the mechanical response of the fibre model as a function of the elastin content, from 0 to 33.5%. Both ends of the ligament were fixed to a bone, and tensile, shear, and rotational stresses were applied to one of the bones to evaluate the magnitude and distribution of the stress applied to the collagen and elastin at each load. RESULTS: Uniform stress was applied to the entire ligament in the sheet model, whereas in the fibre model, strong stress was applied at the junction between collagen fibres and elastin. Even in the same fibre model, as the elastin content increased from 0 to 14.4%, the maximum stress and displacement applied to the collagen fibres during shear stress decreased by 65% and 89%, respectively. The slope of the stress–strain relationship at 14.4% elastin was 6.5 times greater under shear stress than that of the model with 0% elastin. A positive correlation was found between the stress required to rotate the bones at both ends of the ligament at the same angle and elastin content. CONCLUSIONS: The fibre model, which includes the mechanical properties of elastin, can provide a more precise evaluation of the stress distribution and mechanical response. Elastin is responsible for ligament rigidity during shear and rotational stress. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-023-03794-6. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10114388 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101143882023-04-20 Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study Naya, Yuki Takanari, Hiroki J Orthop Surg Res Research Article BACKGROUND: An accurate understanding of the mechanical response of ligaments is important for preventing their damage and rupture. To date, ligament mechanical responses are being primarily evaluated using simulations. However, many mathematical simulations construct models of uniform fibre bundles or sheets using merely collagen fibres and ignore the mechanical properties of other components such as elastin and crosslinkers. Here, we evaluated the effect of elastin-specific mechanical properties and content on the mechanical response of ligaments to stress using a simple mathematical model. METHODS: Based on multiphoton microscopic images of porcine knee collateral ligaments, we constructed a simple mathematical simulation model that individually includes the mechanical properties of collagen fibres and elastin (fibre model) and compared with another model that considers the ligament as a single sheet (sheet model). We also evaluated the mechanical response of the fibre model as a function of the elastin content, from 0 to 33.5%. Both ends of the ligament were fixed to a bone, and tensile, shear, and rotational stresses were applied to one of the bones to evaluate the magnitude and distribution of the stress applied to the collagen and elastin at each load. RESULTS: Uniform stress was applied to the entire ligament in the sheet model, whereas in the fibre model, strong stress was applied at the junction between collagen fibres and elastin. Even in the same fibre model, as the elastin content increased from 0 to 14.4%, the maximum stress and displacement applied to the collagen fibres during shear stress decreased by 65% and 89%, respectively. The slope of the stress–strain relationship at 14.4% elastin was 6.5 times greater under shear stress than that of the model with 0% elastin. A positive correlation was found between the stress required to rotate the bones at both ends of the ligament at the same angle and elastin content. CONCLUSIONS: The fibre model, which includes the mechanical properties of elastin, can provide a more precise evaluation of the stress distribution and mechanical response. Elastin is responsible for ligament rigidity during shear and rotational stress. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-023-03794-6. BioMed Central 2023-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10114388/ /pubmed/37072855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03794-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Naya, Yuki Takanari, Hiroki Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study |
title | Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study |
title_full | Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study |
title_fullStr | Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study |
title_full_unstemmed | Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study |
title_short | Elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study |
title_sort | elastin is responsible for the rigidity of the ligament under shear and rotational stress: a mathematical simulation study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10114388/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37072855 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03794-6 |
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