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Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses
Interferon (IFN), the most effective antiviral cytokine, is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses and is essential to the host defense against virus invasion. Once the host was infected by pathogens, the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) were recognized by the host pattern re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10115221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37090696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136051 |
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author | Wen, Shubo Li, Xintong Lv, Xiangyu Liu, Kai Ren, Jingqiang Zhai, Jingbo Song, Yang |
author_facet | Wen, Shubo Li, Xintong Lv, Xiangyu Liu, Kai Ren, Jingqiang Zhai, Jingbo Song, Yang |
author_sort | Wen, Shubo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Interferon (IFN), the most effective antiviral cytokine, is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses and is essential to the host defense against virus invasion. Once the host was infected by pathogens, the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) were recognized by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which activates interferon regulatory transcription factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway to induce IFN expression. Pathogens have acquired many strategies to escape the IFN-mediated antiviral immune response. Pestiviruses cause massive economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide every year. The immune escape strategies acquired by pestiviruses during evolution are among the major difficulties in its control. Previous experiments indicated that Erns, as an envelope glycoprotein unique to pestiviruses with RNase activity, could cleave viral ss- and dsRNAs, therefore inhibiting the host IFN production induced by viral ss- and dsRNAs. In contrast, Npro, the other envelope glycoprotein unique to pestiviruses, mainly stimulates the degradation of transcription factor IRF-3 to confront the IFN response. This review mainly summarized the current progress on mechanisms mediated by Npro of pestiviruses to antagonize IFN production. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10115221 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101152212023-04-20 Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses Wen, Shubo Li, Xintong Lv, Xiangyu Liu, Kai Ren, Jingqiang Zhai, Jingbo Song, Yang Front Immunol Immunology Interferon (IFN), the most effective antiviral cytokine, is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses and is essential to the host defense against virus invasion. Once the host was infected by pathogens, the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) were recognized by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which activates interferon regulatory transcription factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway to induce IFN expression. Pathogens have acquired many strategies to escape the IFN-mediated antiviral immune response. Pestiviruses cause massive economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide every year. The immune escape strategies acquired by pestiviruses during evolution are among the major difficulties in its control. Previous experiments indicated that Erns, as an envelope glycoprotein unique to pestiviruses with RNase activity, could cleave viral ss- and dsRNAs, therefore inhibiting the host IFN production induced by viral ss- and dsRNAs. In contrast, Npro, the other envelope glycoprotein unique to pestiviruses, mainly stimulates the degradation of transcription factor IRF-3 to confront the IFN response. This review mainly summarized the current progress on mechanisms mediated by Npro of pestiviruses to antagonize IFN production. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10115221/ /pubmed/37090696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136051 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wen, Li, Lv, Liu, Ren, Zhai and Song https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Wen, Shubo Li, Xintong Lv, Xiangyu Liu, Kai Ren, Jingqiang Zhai, Jingbo Song, Yang Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses |
title | Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses |
title_full | Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses |
title_fullStr | Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses |
title_full_unstemmed | Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses |
title_short | Current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by N(pro) protein of pestiviruses |
title_sort | current progress on innate immune evasion mediated by n(pro) protein of pestiviruses |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10115221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37090696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136051 |
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