Defensive Impact of Kaempferide Against Neurodegenerative Studies: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations

BACKGROUND: Previous studies show evidence that brain aging is mainly due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. In this study, we have selected a natural compound to know the protective effect against neurodegeneration. Both in -vitro and in-vivo studies were performed to understand the potency of the Kaempferide. METHODOLOGY: In our research, in-vitro studies were performed by using PC-12 and SHSY5Y cell lines. Neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, scavenging activity, and caspase enzyme activity were evaluated to know the effect of kaempferide. Results from in-vitro encourage to performance of in-vivo studies. D-galactose (200 mg/kg body wt.) for 45 days induces brain aging. Donepezil is used as a standard drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg body wt. Kaempferide at two different doses—5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body wt were given daily. Behavioral studies like the Morris Water Maze test, Rotarod test, and Randell sellito test were performed during the study. Estimation of tissue parameters like Lipid peroxidation, Anti-oxidant activity enzymes, Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme, Amyloid, and Tau protein and histopathological studies. RESULTS: In-vitro results revealed that Kaempferide exerts neuroprotective activity by inhibiting apoptosis, caspase 3/7 enzyme, and free-radical generation. In-vivo studies report that, KPD at 10 mg/kg bw. exerts more potent neuroprotective activity than Donepezil which was clearly indicated in the results. Western blot report clearly indicates that Kaempferide exerts a protective effect on Amyloid B and Tau protein in brain tissue. CONCLUSION: The scope of in-vitro data encouraged us to conduct in-vivo studies. Kaempferide had a defensive impact on D-galactose-induced brain aging by spatial learning and memory enhancement. Therefore, kaempferide improves D-galactose-induced neurodegeneration through anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. It has an anti-aging effect on the brain.