Neutropenic Enterocolitis Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: A Compelling Clinical Case Report Written With the Assistance of ChatGPT

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a rare and life-threatening condition that typically occurs in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing intensive chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or bone marrow transplant regimens, predisposing them to profound neutropenia. NE can have a nonspecific clinical presentation and mimic other gastrointestinal disorders such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease but is associated with very high morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. We present the case of a middle-aged female with a recent diagnosis of follicular lymphoma who developed neutropenic enterocolitis after undergoing induction chemotherapy for an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). In this article, we provide a literature review of neutropenic enterocolitis and highlight the importance of a prompt diagnosis and management, given its high mortality rate.