Effect of CDH1 and CDH2 genes polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility in a sample of Iranian population: A case‐control study

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a global malignant epithelial neoplasm affecting the oral cavity. Cadherins, as an adhesion molecule, are involved in cell−cell interaction. We aim to study the effect of two cadherin polymorphisms on OSCC risk in southeast of Iran. METHODS: In this case‐control study, 94 individuals (47 OSCC cases and 47 controls), that referred to the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran were included. Cadherin single nucleotide polymorphisms CDH1 (rs16260) and CDH2 (rs11564299) were genotyped by the tetra‐Amplification Refractory Mutation System—PCR technique. RESULTS: N‐cadherin genotyping showed that the AA, AG, and AG + GG were presented 78.7%, 17%, 21.3% versus 66%, 29.7%, 34% in the cases and the control group, respectively. AG genotype was more common in control than case (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.17−1.29, p = 0.14). G allele was more prevalent in control (19.1%) than the case group (12.8%) (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27−1.36, p = 0.23). In E‐cadherin, AC, AA, and AC + AA genotypes frequency were 17%, 12.8%, and 29.8% in case versus 8.5%, 8.5%, and 17% in the control group. Allele A was more common in the case than the control group (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 0.84−4.03, p = 0.12). Also, AA and CC, the codominant genotypes were common in CDH2 and CDH1 respectively in all histopathological grades, and no statically significant association was observed between OSCC different histopathological grades and cadherin genotypes (p = 0.39 in N‐cadherin, p = 0.74 in E‐cadherin). CONCLUSION: Our results showed a lack of association between CDH1 and CDH2 gene polymorphisms with OSCC risk in a population of Southeastern of Iran.