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Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status
BACKGROUND: The lower burden of COVID-19 in tropical settings may be due to preexisting cross-immunity, which might vary according to geographical locations and potential exposure to other pathogens. We sought to assess the overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and determine SARS-CoV-2 seropos...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10116492/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37090738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155855 |
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author | Aissatou, Abba Fokam, Joseph Semengue, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Takou, Désiré Ka’e, Aude Christelle Ambe, Collins Chenwi Nka, Alex Durand Djupsa, Sandrine Claire Beloumou, Grâce Ciaffi, Laura Tchouaket, Michel Carlos Tommo Nayang, Audrey Rachel Mundo Pabo, Willy Leroi Togna Essomba, René Ghislain Halle, Edie G. E. Okomo, Marie-Claire Bissek, Anne-Cecile ZK. Leke, Rose Boum, Yap Mballa, Georges Alain Etoundi Montesano, Carla Perno, Carlo-Federico Colizzi, Vittorio Ndjolo, Alexis |
author_facet | Aissatou, Abba Fokam, Joseph Semengue, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Takou, Désiré Ka’e, Aude Christelle Ambe, Collins Chenwi Nka, Alex Durand Djupsa, Sandrine Claire Beloumou, Grâce Ciaffi, Laura Tchouaket, Michel Carlos Tommo Nayang, Audrey Rachel Mundo Pabo, Willy Leroi Togna Essomba, René Ghislain Halle, Edie G. E. Okomo, Marie-Claire Bissek, Anne-Cecile ZK. Leke, Rose Boum, Yap Mballa, Georges Alain Etoundi Montesano, Carla Perno, Carlo-Federico Colizzi, Vittorio Ndjolo, Alexis |
author_sort | Aissatou, Abba |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The lower burden of COVID-19 in tropical settings may be due to preexisting cross-immunity, which might vary according to geographical locations and potential exposure to other pathogens. We sought to assess the overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and determine SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity according to HIV-status before the COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS: A cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB) on 288 stored plasma samples (163 HIV-positive versus 125 HIV-negative); all collected in 2017-2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic era. Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM assay was used for detecting SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM). Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), HIV-1 viral load and TCD4 cell count (LTCD4) were measured using Abbott Real Time PCR and BD FACSCalibur respectively. Statistical analyses were performed, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The median [IQR] age was 25 [15-38] years. Overall seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 13.5% (39/288) of which 7.3% (21) was IgG, 7.3% (21) IgM and 1.0% (3) IgG/IgM. According to HIV-status in the study population, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 11.0% (18/163) among HIV-positive versus 16.8% (21/125) among HIV-negative respectively, p=0.21. Specifically, IgG was 6.1% (10/163) versus 8.8% (11/125), p=0.26; IgM was 5.5% (9/163) versus 9.6%, (12/125), p=0.13 and IgG/IgM was 0.6% (1/163) versus 1.6% (2/125) respectively. Among PLHIV, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity according to CD4 count was 9.2% (≥500 cells/µL) versus 1.8% (200-499 cells/µL), (OR=3.5; p=0.04) and 0.6% (<200 cells/µL), (OR=17.7; p<0.01). According to viral load, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 6.7% (≥40 copies/mL) versus 4.9% (<40 copies/mL), (OR= 3.8; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Before COVID-19 in Cameroon, cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were in circulation, indicating COVID-19 preexisting immunity. This preexisting immunity may contribute in attenuating disease severity in tropical settings like Cameroon. Of relevance, COVID-19 preexisting immunity is lower with HIV-infection, specifically with viral replication and poor CD4-cell count. As poor CD4-count leads to lower cross-reactive antibodies (regardless of viral load), people living with HIV appear more vulnerable to COVID-19 and should be prioritized for vaccination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10116492 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101164922023-04-21 Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status Aissatou, Abba Fokam, Joseph Semengue, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Takou, Désiré Ka’e, Aude Christelle Ambe, Collins Chenwi Nka, Alex Durand Djupsa, Sandrine Claire Beloumou, Grâce Ciaffi, Laura Tchouaket, Michel Carlos Tommo Nayang, Audrey Rachel Mundo Pabo, Willy Leroi Togna Essomba, René Ghislain Halle, Edie G. E. Okomo, Marie-Claire Bissek, Anne-Cecile ZK. Leke, Rose Boum, Yap Mballa, Georges Alain Etoundi Montesano, Carla Perno, Carlo-Federico Colizzi, Vittorio Ndjolo, Alexis Front Immunol Immunology BACKGROUND: The lower burden of COVID-19 in tropical settings may be due to preexisting cross-immunity, which might vary according to geographical locations and potential exposure to other pathogens. We sought to assess the overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and determine SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity according to HIV-status before the COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS: A cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB) on 288 stored plasma samples (163 HIV-positive versus 125 HIV-negative); all collected in 2017-2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic era. Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM assay was used for detecting SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM). Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), HIV-1 viral load and TCD4 cell count (LTCD4) were measured using Abbott Real Time PCR and BD FACSCalibur respectively. Statistical analyses were performed, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The median [IQR] age was 25 [15-38] years. Overall seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 13.5% (39/288) of which 7.3% (21) was IgG, 7.3% (21) IgM and 1.0% (3) IgG/IgM. According to HIV-status in the study population, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 11.0% (18/163) among HIV-positive versus 16.8% (21/125) among HIV-negative respectively, p=0.21. Specifically, IgG was 6.1% (10/163) versus 8.8% (11/125), p=0.26; IgM was 5.5% (9/163) versus 9.6%, (12/125), p=0.13 and IgG/IgM was 0.6% (1/163) versus 1.6% (2/125) respectively. Among PLHIV, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity according to CD4 count was 9.2% (≥500 cells/µL) versus 1.8% (200-499 cells/µL), (OR=3.5; p=0.04) and 0.6% (<200 cells/µL), (OR=17.7; p<0.01). According to viral load, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 6.7% (≥40 copies/mL) versus 4.9% (<40 copies/mL), (OR= 3.8; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Before COVID-19 in Cameroon, cross-reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were in circulation, indicating COVID-19 preexisting immunity. This preexisting immunity may contribute in attenuating disease severity in tropical settings like Cameroon. Of relevance, COVID-19 preexisting immunity is lower with HIV-infection, specifically with viral replication and poor CD4-cell count. As poor CD4-count leads to lower cross-reactive antibodies (regardless of viral load), people living with HIV appear more vulnerable to COVID-19 and should be prioritized for vaccination. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10116492/ /pubmed/37090738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155855 Text en Copyright © 2023 Aissatou, Fokam, Semengue, Takou, Ka’e, Ambe, Nka, Djupsa, Beloumou, Ciaffi, Tchouaket, Nayang, Pabo, Essomba, Halle, Okomo, Bissek, Leke, Boum, Mballa, Montesano, Perno, Colizzi and Ndjolo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Aissatou, Abba Fokam, Joseph Semengue, Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Takou, Désiré Ka’e, Aude Christelle Ambe, Collins Chenwi Nka, Alex Durand Djupsa, Sandrine Claire Beloumou, Grâce Ciaffi, Laura Tchouaket, Michel Carlos Tommo Nayang, Audrey Rachel Mundo Pabo, Willy Leroi Togna Essomba, René Ghislain Halle, Edie G. E. Okomo, Marie-Claire Bissek, Anne-Cecile ZK. Leke, Rose Boum, Yap Mballa, Georges Alain Etoundi Montesano, Carla Perno, Carlo-Federico Colizzi, Vittorio Ndjolo, Alexis Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status |
title | Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status |
title_full | Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status |
title_fullStr | Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status |
title_full_unstemmed | Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status |
title_short | Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic era in Cameroon: A comparative analysis according to HIV-status |
title_sort | pre-existing immunity to sars-cov-2 before the covid-19 pandemic era in cameroon: a comparative analysis according to hiv-status |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10116492/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37090738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155855 |
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