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The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments

The gut microbiome is implicated in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota actively contribute to disease onset and progression remain elusive. In this pilot study, we sequenced fecal metatranscriptomes of 10 non-CRC and 10 CRC patient gut microbiom...

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Autores principales: Lamaudière, Matthew T. F., Arasaradnam, Ramesh, Weedall, Gareth D., Morozov, Igor Y.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36847536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00627-22
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author Lamaudière, Matthew T. F.
Arasaradnam, Ramesh
Weedall, Gareth D.
Morozov, Igor Y.
author_facet Lamaudière, Matthew T. F.
Arasaradnam, Ramesh
Weedall, Gareth D.
Morozov, Igor Y.
author_sort Lamaudière, Matthew T. F.
collection PubMed
description The gut microbiome is implicated in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota actively contribute to disease onset and progression remain elusive. In this pilot study, we sequenced fecal metatranscriptomes of 10 non-CRC and 10 CRC patient gut microbiomes and conducted differential gene expression analyses to assess any changed functionality in disease. We report that oxidative stress responses were the dominant activity across cohorts, an overlooked protective housekeeping role of the human gut microbiome. However, expression of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide-scavenging genes was diminished and augmented, respectively, positing that these regulated microbial responses have implications for CRC pathology. CRC microbes enhanced expression of genes for host colonization, biofilm formation, genetic exchange, virulence determinants, antibiotic, and acid resistances. Moreover, microbes promoted transcription of genes involved in metabolism of several beneficial metabolites, suggesting their contribution to patient metabolite deficiencies previously solely attributed to tumor cells. We showed in vitro that expression of genes involved in amino acid-dependent acid resistance mechanisms of meta-gut Escherichia coli responded differently to acid, salt, and oxidative pressures under aerobic conditions. These responses were mostly dictated by the host health status of origin of the microbiota, suggesting their exposure to fundamentally different gut conditions. These findings for the first time highlight mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can either protect against or drive colorectal cancer and provide insights into the cancerous gut environment that drives functional characteristics of the microbiome. IMPORTANCE The human gut microbiota has the genetic potential to drive colorectal cancer onset and progression; however, the expression of this genetic potential during the disease has not been investigated. We found that microbial expression of genes that detoxify DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species, which drive colorectal cancer, is compromised in cancer. We observed a greater activation of expression of genes involved in virulence, host colonization, exchange of genetic material, metabolite utilization, defense against antibiotics, and environmental pressures. Culturing gut Escherichia coli of cancerous and noncancerous metamicrobiota revealed different regulatory responses of amino acid-dependent acid resistance mechanisms in a health-dependent manner under environmental acid, oxidative, and osmotic pressures. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that the activity of microbial genomes is regulated by the health status of the gut in vivo and in vitro and provides new insights for shifts in microbial gene expression in colorectal cancer.
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spelling pubmed-101171172023-04-21 The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments Lamaudière, Matthew T. F. Arasaradnam, Ramesh Weedall, Gareth D. Morozov, Igor Y. mSphere Research Article The gut microbiome is implicated in the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota actively contribute to disease onset and progression remain elusive. In this pilot study, we sequenced fecal metatranscriptomes of 10 non-CRC and 10 CRC patient gut microbiomes and conducted differential gene expression analyses to assess any changed functionality in disease. We report that oxidative stress responses were the dominant activity across cohorts, an overlooked protective housekeeping role of the human gut microbiome. However, expression of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide-scavenging genes was diminished and augmented, respectively, positing that these regulated microbial responses have implications for CRC pathology. CRC microbes enhanced expression of genes for host colonization, biofilm formation, genetic exchange, virulence determinants, antibiotic, and acid resistances. Moreover, microbes promoted transcription of genes involved in metabolism of several beneficial metabolites, suggesting their contribution to patient metabolite deficiencies previously solely attributed to tumor cells. We showed in vitro that expression of genes involved in amino acid-dependent acid resistance mechanisms of meta-gut Escherichia coli responded differently to acid, salt, and oxidative pressures under aerobic conditions. These responses were mostly dictated by the host health status of origin of the microbiota, suggesting their exposure to fundamentally different gut conditions. These findings for the first time highlight mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can either protect against or drive colorectal cancer and provide insights into the cancerous gut environment that drives functional characteristics of the microbiome. IMPORTANCE The human gut microbiota has the genetic potential to drive colorectal cancer onset and progression; however, the expression of this genetic potential during the disease has not been investigated. We found that microbial expression of genes that detoxify DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species, which drive colorectal cancer, is compromised in cancer. We observed a greater activation of expression of genes involved in virulence, host colonization, exchange of genetic material, metabolite utilization, defense against antibiotics, and environmental pressures. Culturing gut Escherichia coli of cancerous and noncancerous metamicrobiota revealed different regulatory responses of amino acid-dependent acid resistance mechanisms in a health-dependent manner under environmental acid, oxidative, and osmotic pressures. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that the activity of microbial genomes is regulated by the health status of the gut in vivo and in vitro and provides new insights for shifts in microbial gene expression in colorectal cancer. American Society for Microbiology 2023-02-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10117117/ /pubmed/36847536 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00627-22 Text en Copyright © 2023 Lamaudière et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Research Article
Lamaudière, Matthew T. F.
Arasaradnam, Ramesh
Weedall, Gareth D.
Morozov, Igor Y.
The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments
title The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments
title_full The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments
title_fullStr The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments
title_full_unstemmed The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments
title_short The Colorectal Cancer Microbiota Alter Their Transcriptome To Adapt to the Acidity, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Metabolite Availability of Gut Microenvironments
title_sort colorectal cancer microbiota alter their transcriptome to adapt to the acidity, reactive oxygen species, and metabolite availability of gut microenvironments
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36847536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00627-22
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