Cargando…

Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is the major glycoprotein produced by the thyroid gland, where it serves as a template for thyroid hormone synthesis and as an intraglandular store of iodine. Measurement of Tg levels in serum is of great practical importance in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (D...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Xavier, Ana Carolina W, Maciel, Rui M. B., Vieira, José Gilberto H, Dias-da-Silva, Magnus R., Martins, João R. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26909485
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000103
_version_ 1785028906882957312
author Xavier, Ana Carolina W
Maciel, Rui M. B.
Vieira, José Gilberto H
Dias-da-Silva, Magnus R.
Martins, João R. M.
author_facet Xavier, Ana Carolina W
Maciel, Rui M. B.
Vieira, José Gilberto H
Dias-da-Silva, Magnus R.
Martins, João R. M.
author_sort Xavier, Ana Carolina W
collection PubMed
description Thyroglobulin (Tg) is the major glycoprotein produced by the thyroid gland, where it serves as a template for thyroid hormone synthesis and as an intraglandular store of iodine. Measurement of Tg levels in serum is of great practical importance in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), a setting in which elevated levels after total thyroidectomy are indicative of residual or recurrent disease. The most recent methods for serum Tg measurement are monoclonal antibody-based and are highly sensitive. However, major challenges remain regarding the interpretation of the results obtained with these immunometric methods, particularly in patients with endogenous antithyroglobulin antibodies or in the presence of heterophile antibodies, which may produce falsely low or high Tg values, respectively. The increased prevalence of antithyroglobulin antibodies in patients with DTC, as compared with the general population, raises the very pertinent possibility that tumor Tg may be more immunogenic. This inference makes sense, as the tumor microenvironment (tumor cells plus normal host cells) is characterized by several changes that could induce posttranslational modification of many proteins, including Tg. Attempts to understand the structure of Tg have been made for several decades, but findings have generally been incomplete due to technical hindrances to analysis of such a large protein (660 kDa). This review article will explore the complex structure of Tg and the potential role of its marked heterogeneity in our understanding of normal thyroid biology and neoplastic processes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10118920
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-101189202023-04-21 Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases Xavier, Ana Carolina W Maciel, Rui M. B. Vieira, José Gilberto H Dias-da-Silva, Magnus R. Martins, João R. M. Arch Endocrinol Metab Original Article Thyroglobulin (Tg) is the major glycoprotein produced by the thyroid gland, where it serves as a template for thyroid hormone synthesis and as an intraglandular store of iodine. Measurement of Tg levels in serum is of great practical importance in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), a setting in which elevated levels after total thyroidectomy are indicative of residual or recurrent disease. The most recent methods for serum Tg measurement are monoclonal antibody-based and are highly sensitive. However, major challenges remain regarding the interpretation of the results obtained with these immunometric methods, particularly in patients with endogenous antithyroglobulin antibodies or in the presence of heterophile antibodies, which may produce falsely low or high Tg values, respectively. The increased prevalence of antithyroglobulin antibodies in patients with DTC, as compared with the general population, raises the very pertinent possibility that tumor Tg may be more immunogenic. This inference makes sense, as the tumor microenvironment (tumor cells plus normal host cells) is characterized by several changes that could induce posttranslational modification of many proteins, including Tg. Attempts to understand the structure of Tg have been made for several decades, but findings have generally been incomplete due to technical hindrances to analysis of such a large protein (660 kDa). This review article will explore the complex structure of Tg and the potential role of its marked heterogeneity in our understanding of normal thyroid biology and neoplastic processes. Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia 2016-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC10118920/ /pubmed/26909485 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000103 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Xavier, Ana Carolina W
Maciel, Rui M. B.
Vieira, José Gilberto H
Dias-da-Silva, Magnus R.
Martins, João R. M.
Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases
title Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases
title_full Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases
title_fullStr Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases
title_full_unstemmed Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases
title_short Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases
title_sort insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26909485
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000103
work_keys_str_mv AT xavieranacarolinaw insightsintotheposttranslationalstructuralheterogeneityofthyroglobulinanditsroleinthedevelopmentdiagnosisandmanagementofbenignandmalignantthyroiddiseases
AT macielruimb insightsintotheposttranslationalstructuralheterogeneityofthyroglobulinanditsroleinthedevelopmentdiagnosisandmanagementofbenignandmalignantthyroiddiseases
AT vieirajosegilbertoh insightsintotheposttranslationalstructuralheterogeneityofthyroglobulinanditsroleinthedevelopmentdiagnosisandmanagementofbenignandmalignantthyroiddiseases
AT diasdasilvamagnusr insightsintotheposttranslationalstructuralheterogeneityofthyroglobulinanditsroleinthedevelopmentdiagnosisandmanagementofbenignandmalignantthyroiddiseases
AT martinsjoaorm insightsintotheposttranslationalstructuralheterogeneityofthyroglobulinanditsroleinthedevelopmentdiagnosisandmanagementofbenignandmalignantthyroiddiseases