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Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania
BACKGROUND: HIV and antiretroviral drugs, particularly protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, following the introduction of better drugs like dolutegravir, data on the burd...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10120112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37085806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01340-3 |
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author | Malindisa, Evangelista Balandya, Emmanuel Njelekela, Marina Kidenya, Benson R. Francis, Filbert Mmbaga, Blandina T. Dika, Haruna Lyamuya, Eligius Sunguya, Bruno Bartlett, John PrayGod, George |
author_facet | Malindisa, Evangelista Balandya, Emmanuel Njelekela, Marina Kidenya, Benson R. Francis, Filbert Mmbaga, Blandina T. Dika, Haruna Lyamuya, Eligius Sunguya, Bruno Bartlett, John PrayGod, George |
author_sort | Malindisa, Evangelista |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: HIV and antiretroviral drugs, particularly protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, following the introduction of better drugs like dolutegravir, data on the burden of MetS are limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS and associated factors among PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged ≥ 18 years on antiretroviral therapy for ≥ 1 year at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza conducted in 2020. Demographic and healthy-lifestyle-related non-communicable disease risk factors data were collected. Additionally, data on lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure, and waist circumference were collected for analysis of MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Factors associated with MetS were assessed using logistic regression. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Data for 223 participants were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 44 (± 12) years and 79.8% (178) were females. A majority 78% (174) were on a tenofovir, lamivudine,and dolutegravir regimen. About 12.1% (27) were either current or past smokers, 45.3% (101) were past alcohol drinkers, 22.9% (51) were current drinkers, 12.1% (27) reported taking ≥ 5 servings of vegetables and fruits per day and 5.8% (13) were physically inactive. The prevalence of MetS was 22.9%. The only factors that were associated with Mets were fat mass index and adequate intake of vegetables and fruits, (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 7.9, P = 0.04) and (aOR1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.3, P = 0.02), respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS remains high among PLHIV. Adiposity and adequate fruit and vegetable intake increased the risk. The introduction of new ART regimens shows no effect on MetS prevalence. Research is needed to understand how lifestyle changes could reduce MetS in PLHIV. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12902-023-01340-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10120112 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101201122023-04-22 Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania Malindisa, Evangelista Balandya, Emmanuel Njelekela, Marina Kidenya, Benson R. Francis, Filbert Mmbaga, Blandina T. Dika, Haruna Lyamuya, Eligius Sunguya, Bruno Bartlett, John PrayGod, George BMC Endocr Disord Research BACKGROUND: HIV and antiretroviral drugs, particularly protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, following the introduction of better drugs like dolutegravir, data on the burden of MetS are limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS and associated factors among PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged ≥ 18 years on antiretroviral therapy for ≥ 1 year at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza conducted in 2020. Demographic and healthy-lifestyle-related non-communicable disease risk factors data were collected. Additionally, data on lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure, and waist circumference were collected for analysis of MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Factors associated with MetS were assessed using logistic regression. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Data for 223 participants were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 44 (± 12) years and 79.8% (178) were females. A majority 78% (174) were on a tenofovir, lamivudine,and dolutegravir regimen. About 12.1% (27) were either current or past smokers, 45.3% (101) were past alcohol drinkers, 22.9% (51) were current drinkers, 12.1% (27) reported taking ≥ 5 servings of vegetables and fruits per day and 5.8% (13) were physically inactive. The prevalence of MetS was 22.9%. The only factors that were associated with Mets were fat mass index and adequate intake of vegetables and fruits, (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 7.9, P = 0.04) and (aOR1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.3, P = 0.02), respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MetS remains high among PLHIV. Adiposity and adequate fruit and vegetable intake increased the risk. The introduction of new ART regimens shows no effect on MetS prevalence. Research is needed to understand how lifestyle changes could reduce MetS in PLHIV. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12902-023-01340-3. BioMed Central 2023-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10120112/ /pubmed/37085806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01340-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Malindisa, Evangelista Balandya, Emmanuel Njelekela, Marina Kidenya, Benson R. Francis, Filbert Mmbaga, Blandina T. Dika, Haruna Lyamuya, Eligius Sunguya, Bruno Bartlett, John PrayGod, George Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania |
title | Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania |
title_full | Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania |
title_fullStr | Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania |
title_short | Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, Tanzania |
title_sort | metabolic syndrome among people living with hiv on antiretroviral therapy in mwanza, tanzania |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10120112/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37085806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01340-3 |
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