Renal denervation and long-term results

Arterial hypertension is a condition with a high prevalence in the global population and represents a major risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events, including stroke and death. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions, with combination therapy as a standard strategy, are very effective in achieving optimal blood pressure (BP) goals. Nevertheless, in a non-negligible proportion of patients, drug therapy is ineffective at achieving BP targets or there is intolerance to specific anti-hypertensive medications. In this context, the use of invasive treatments for BP control, including renal denervation, represents a valuable therapeutic option. Renal denervation has experienced ups and downs over the years, with an initial growth period and a decline mainly linked to the initial negative results of a large, randomized trial. However, recent data from new trials and long-term follow-up of initial trials have confirmed the benefit and safety of the procedure by relaunching it in daily clinical practice. Additional research evaluating ablation methods other than radiofrequency are needed to be able to more clearly define the role of this procedure and the type of patients that can benefit most from it.