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Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos
Vanadium (V) is a transition metal that is found in low concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. These levels increase due to anthropogenic activities. The mortality and teratogenicity effects of V remain unexplored in amphibian species. To address this gap in the knowledge base, a standard Frog Embryo...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121540/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36899118 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26196-x |
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author | Dahms-Verster, Simone Nel, Amina van Vuren, Johan H. J. Greenfield, Richard |
author_facet | Dahms-Verster, Simone Nel, Amina van Vuren, Johan H. J. Greenfield, Richard |
author_sort | Dahms-Verster, Simone |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vanadium (V) is a transition metal that is found in low concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. These levels increase due to anthropogenic activities. The mortality and teratogenicity effects of V remain unexplored in amphibian species. To address this gap in the knowledge base, a standard Frog Embryo Teratogenic Index – Xenopus (FETAX) assessment was conducted. Vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5)) was chosen for its known toxicity in other aquatic biota and its solubility in water. A range-finding test was conducted in two different mediums, V(2)O(5) in distilled water (VDH2O) and V(2)O(5) in FETAX medium (VMED), to determine concentration ranges where effects occurred. Thereafter, definitive tests were conducted using two separate breeding pairs, with two replicate dishes per concentration containing 15 embryos each. Multiple endpoints were assessed including mortality, malformations, minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG), and the teratogenic index (TI). Mortality and malformation effects occurred at different ranges, and therefore, the exposures were conducted in low dose and high dose ranges. The high dose range for mortality effects was conducted at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/L of V. The low dose exposures to assess malformation effects were conducted at 0.0001, 0.00025, 0.0005, 0.00075, and 0.001 mg/L. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the LC50 and EC50 for the two sets of definitive tests. The LC50s were determined to be 46.10 mg/L and 26.91 mg/L for VDH(2)O and 34.50 and 25.25 for VMED for the two breeding pairs respectively. The EC50 was calculated as 0.00053 mg/L and 0.00037 mg/L for VDH2O and 0.00036 mg/L and 0.00017 mg/L for VMED for the two definitive tests respectively. The TI was calculated as 86,981 and 72,729 for VDH2O and 95,833 and 148,526 for VMED. Ultimately, there were severe malformation effects in embryos exposed to low doses of V and V was determined to be a very strong teratogen. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10121540 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-101215402023-04-23 Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos Dahms-Verster, Simone Nel, Amina van Vuren, Johan H. J. Greenfield, Richard Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article Vanadium (V) is a transition metal that is found in low concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. These levels increase due to anthropogenic activities. The mortality and teratogenicity effects of V remain unexplored in amphibian species. To address this gap in the knowledge base, a standard Frog Embryo Teratogenic Index – Xenopus (FETAX) assessment was conducted. Vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5)) was chosen for its known toxicity in other aquatic biota and its solubility in water. A range-finding test was conducted in two different mediums, V(2)O(5) in distilled water (VDH2O) and V(2)O(5) in FETAX medium (VMED), to determine concentration ranges where effects occurred. Thereafter, definitive tests were conducted using two separate breeding pairs, with two replicate dishes per concentration containing 15 embryos each. Multiple endpoints were assessed including mortality, malformations, minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG), and the teratogenic index (TI). Mortality and malformation effects occurred at different ranges, and therefore, the exposures were conducted in low dose and high dose ranges. The high dose range for mortality effects was conducted at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/L of V. The low dose exposures to assess malformation effects were conducted at 0.0001, 0.00025, 0.0005, 0.00075, and 0.001 mg/L. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the LC50 and EC50 for the two sets of definitive tests. The LC50s were determined to be 46.10 mg/L and 26.91 mg/L for VDH(2)O and 34.50 and 25.25 for VMED for the two breeding pairs respectively. The EC50 was calculated as 0.00053 mg/L and 0.00037 mg/L for VDH2O and 0.00036 mg/L and 0.00017 mg/L for VMED for the two definitive tests respectively. The TI was calculated as 86,981 and 72,729 for VDH2O and 95,833 and 148,526 for VMED. Ultimately, there were severe malformation effects in embryos exposed to low doses of V and V was determined to be a very strong teratogen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-03-10 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10121540/ /pubmed/36899118 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26196-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Dahms-Verster, Simone Nel, Amina van Vuren, Johan H. J. Greenfield, Richard Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos |
title | Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos |
title_full | Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos |
title_fullStr | Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos |
title_full_unstemmed | Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos |
title_short | Mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (V) exposure on the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos |
title_sort | mortality and malformation effects of acute vanadium (v) exposure on the african clawed frog (xenopus laevis) embryos |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121540/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36899118 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26196-x |
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